Plant Circadian Clock in Agricultural Production in Response to Global Warming

doi:10.11983/CBB23136

Abstract

Abstract: Global warming is now a major trend, in which temperature stress due to abnormal climate occurs frequently, posing a great challenge to the high-yield and stable agricultural production. The circadian clock, an endogenous, heritable timekeeping mechanism, endows plants with the ability to anticipate and respond rapidly to cyclic changes in external factors, which ensures that physiological and biochemical pathways are synchronized with the environment and greatly enhances plant’s ability to survive and reproduce. The temperature responses and temperature compensation are not only related to the key scientific issue of “synchronization” of the circadian clock with environmental signals, but also to the application of crop adaptation to temperature stress in agriculture. Temperature compensation refers to the fact that within a broad range of physiological temperatures, through transcriptional and post-transcriptional architecture, the clock can essentially maintain the circadian period length unchanged, ensuring that the timekeeping mechanism operates accurately. Light, temperature and humidity are closely coupled in the natural environment, and they act as timing factors, transmitting external cues to the core oscillators via the input pathway, which affects almost all processes of plant growth and development. In this review, we summarize the historical research of temperature response and compensation mechanism of plant circadian clocks, and describe the latest research progress, and also look forward to its application in crop genetic breeding and field management. We seek to provide new idea and solution to the problem of temperature stress adaptation in crops.

Key words: circadian clocks, circadian rhythms, temperature compensation, temperature stress, genetic breeding

Qiguang Xie, Xiaodong Xu. Plant Circadian Clock in Agricultural Production in Response to Global Warming[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2024, 59(4): 635-650.

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URL: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/10.11983/CBB23136

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/Y2024/V59/I4/635

Figures/Tables 4

Figure 1 Circadian core oscillators respond to internal and external environmental cues and temporally form transcriptional protein complexes in plants Internal and external environmental signals in the input pathways of plant clock system include well-recognized timing factors, external environmental stressors, and internal hormonal and metabolic components. The core oscillators of the circadian clock exhibit temporal gene expression and dynamic protein turnover mechanisms. The transcripts and protein complexes are sequentially shown according to the circadian phases of a 24 h day. ABA: Abscisic acid; BR: Brassinosteroid; SA: Salicylic acid; CK: Cytokinin

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the circadian clock that anticipates diel temperature fluctuations, regulates the responses to high-temperature stress and temperature compensation of the circadian period length Solid lines with arrows in signaling pathways indicate direct or indirect activation, solid lines without arrows indicate direct or indirect inhibition, black dotted lines with arrows indicate possible signaling pathways, and brown dotted lines with arrows in Figure 2C indicate protein degradation pathways. PA: Phosphatidic acid; EE: Evening element; CBS: CCA1-binding site; LBS: LUX-binding site

Figure 3 Temperature compensation calculations and circadian rhythm phenotypes (A) Three types of temperature compensation may occur when the circadian rhythm is detected under free-running conditions after a transition from normal to higher temperature; (B) In light/dark cycles, the circadian clock is reset each day with a fixed 24 h period length; under free-running conditions (e.g., constant temperature and continuous light), the period length of endogenous circadian rhythm is not equal to 24 h. Key parameters of the circadian rhythmicity include period length, phase, amplitude, and mesor. ZT: Zeitgeber time

Figure 4 The circadian clock respond to environmental factors related to high temperature stress and regulate physiological processes Light, temperature and humidity in the environment show daily oscillations, with a strong positive correlation between light and temperature and a strong negative correlation between temperature and humidity. When physiological thresholds are exceeded at specific times of a day, light, temperature and humidity can lead to time-specific stresses in plants. Heat shock, if it occurs at different times of the day or at different growth periods, will eventually affect yield and quality to some extent in crops.

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