Nitrate-dependent Alleviation
of Root Ammonium Toxicity in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

doi:10.11983/CBB23130

Abstract

Abstract: To explore the mechanisms of NO₃^–-dependent alleviation of NH₄⁺toxicity in the roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum), both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches were used to investigate the differential expressions of genes and proteins under different nitrogen treatments. Compared with 7.5 mmol·L^-1NO₃^‑ (control), 7.5 mmol·L^-1NH₄⁺inhibited the root growth of wheat seedlings. Transcriptome analysis showed that sole NH₄⁺ treatment upregulated expressions of genes encoding glycolysis- and fermentation-related enzymes, including pyruvate decarboxylase, alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase, while downregulating expressions of genes encoding TCA cycle enzymes and the ATP synthases in the roots compared with control. Expressions of genes encoding the respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rbohs), alternative oxidase (AOX) and dioxygenases were significantly upregulated, and expression of the PIP-type aquaporin genes was downregulated. The addition of 1 mmol·L^-1NO₃^– to the solution containing 7.5 mmol·L^-1NH₄⁺downregulated the expression of genes encoding glycolysis enzymes, fermentation enzymes, Rbohs, AOX and dioxygenases, and increased the expression of genes encoding the TCA cycle enzymes, the ATP synthases and PIP-type aquaporins. Proteomic analysis showed that expressions of glycolysis enzymes, fermentation enzymes and AOX were upregulated, while PIP-type aquaporins were downregulated under sole NH₄⁺conditions compared with the control. The addition of NO₃^– downregulated expressions of glycolysis enzymes, fermentation enzymes, Rbohs and AOX and upregulated expressions of PIP-type aquaporins. In conclusion, sole NH₄⁺ treatment promotes glycolytic and fermentation pathways, inhibits the TCA cycle and energy generation, and ultimately inhibits root growth of wheat seedlings. The inhibition of root growth may be due to the sole NH₄⁺-induced hypoxic stress on the roots. The addition of NO₃^– inhibits the glycolysis and fermentation pathways, promotes the TCA cycle and energy production, significantly alleviates the hypoxia stress and thereby attenuates the inhibitory effect of NH₄⁺ on root growth.

Key words: energy metabolism, fermentation, root, TCA cycle, wheat

Xiao Liu, Wanying Du, Yunxiu Zhang, Chengming Tang, Huawei Li, Haiyong Xia, Shoujin Fan, Lingan Kong. Nitrate-dependent Alleviation of Root Ammonium Toxicity in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, DOI: 10.11983/CBB23130.

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URL: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/10.11983/CBB23130

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Nitrate-dependent Alleviation of Root Ammonium Toxicity in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

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