Chinese Bulletin of Botany ›› 2021, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (4): 488-499.DOI: 10.11983/CBB21011
• SPECIAL TOPICS • Previous Articles Next Articles
Xiaoting Zhao1, Kaitao Mao1, Jiahui Xu1,2, Chuan Zheng1,3, Xiaofeng Luo1, Kai Shu1,*()
Received:
2021-01-15
Accepted:
2021-04-19
Online:
2021-07-01
Published:
2021-06-30
Contact:
Kai Shu
Xiaoting Zhao, Kaitao Mao, Jiahui Xu, Chuan Zheng, Xiaofeng Luo, Kai Shu. Protein Phosphorylation and Its Regulatory Roles in Seed Dormancy and Germination[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2021, 56(4): 488-499.
酶 | 大类 | 关键基因 | 分子功能 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
蛋白激 酶 | MAPKs | MPK8 | 通过与GA反应的转录因子TCP14相互作用磷酸化TCP14, 增强其转录活性, 调控从休眠到萌发的转换。 | |
MKK1、 MPK6 | 参与ABA和糖调节的种子萌发, 通过增强ABA的合成与信号强度, 维持种子休眠, 抑制种子萌发。 | |||
Raf10、 Raf11 | 过表达Raf10和Raf11, 使种子对ABA敏感性增强, ABI3和ABI5表达上调, 从而延缓种子萌发。 | |||
MKK3 | MKK3-A高表达促进小麦种子休眠释放, 且MKK3可以与Qsd2-AK相互作用, 调控大麦种子休眠。 | |||
CPKs | CPK4、 CPK11 | 过表达CPK4和CPK11, 种子表现出对ABA敏感表型, 萌发受到明显抑制。 | ||
CPK12 | CPK12通过与ABI2相互作用磷酸化ABI2, 并下调ABF1和ABF4表达, 负调控ABA信号, 促进种子萌发。 | |||
CPK32 | CPK32通过与ABF4相互作用磷酸化ABF4, 增强其转录活性, 促进ABA信号转导, 抑制种子萌发。 | |||
SnRKs | SnRK2.2、 SnRK2.3 | ABA信号通路复合物PYLs-ABA-PP2C通过激活SnRK2.2和SnRK2.3激酶活性, 激活下游转录因子, 诱导种子对ABA的响应。 | ||
SAPK2 | ABA受体PYL/RCAR5作用于SAPK2上游, 激活SAPK2激酶活性, 通过OREB1介导ABA信号转导, 激活ABRE启动子活性, 负调控种子萌发。 | |||
类受体 激酶 | RLKs | GRACE | 编码膜蛋白, 在干种子中高表达, 其表达水平受ABA诱导, 进而延缓种子萌发, 维持种子休眠。 | |
RPK1 | RPK1基因表达受ABA诱导, 通过正调控ABA信号传导, 抑制种子萌发。 | |||
CRK28 | CRK28能够上调ABI3和ABI5的表达, 使ABA反应增强, 削弱种子萌发。 | |||
CRK45 | 过表达CRK45能够上调ABA合成及反应基因表达水平, 正调控ABA信号转导, 延缓种子萌发。 | |||
CARK1、 CARK6 | CARK1和CARK6通过与ABA受体RCAR11-14相互作用, 使其磷酸化, 促进ABA信号转导, 最终抑制种子萌发。 | |||
OsLecRK | OsLecRK表达受萌发信号刺激而上调, 进而与OsADF相互作用, 并进 一步转导萌发信号, 上调α-淀粉酶基因表达, 增强种子活力, 促进种子萌发。 | |||
磷酸酶 | PP2Cs | AHG1、 AHG3 | DOG1与AHG1/AHG3相互作用, 形成PP2C磷酸酶复合物, 抑制其磷酸酶活性, 进而增强ABA信号, 促使种子休眠。 | |
PP2C-a10 | PP2C-a10与TaDOG1L1和TaDOG1L4互作, 促进小麦种子萌发; 也可与ABA反应基因(ABI3、ABI4、ABI5、EM1和EM6)互作, 降低其表达水平, 促进拟南芥种子萌发。 | |||
ABI1、 ABI2 | 在ABA存在条件下, ABA与PYR1/PYL/RCAR受体结合, 抑制ABI1和ABI2活性, 激活SnRK2s的激酶活性, 并磷酸化下游转录因子, 使ABA 信号向下传递, 抑制种子萌发。 | |||
RDO5 | RDO5是种子特异性表达的休眠积极调控因子, 独立于ABA对种子休眠的调控, 通过抑制APUM9和APUM11的转录水平调节种子休眠。 | |||
FsPP2C1 | 过表达PP2C1种子萌发率高, 对ABA敏感性低, 且能够在不利的条件 (如甘露醇和盐)下萌发, 通过负调控ABA信号转导, 促进种子萌发。 | |||
HON | HON通过上调GA合成和响应基因的表达, 下调ABA响应基因和GA分解 基因表达, 激活GA信号, 抑制ABA信号, 使种子解除休眠, 向萌发过渡。 | |||
脂质磷 酸酶 | LPP2 | 后熟可激活LPP2的转录活性, 使其表达上调, 抑制种子对ABA的敏感性, 使种子能够完成萌发。 | ||
线粒体蛋白磷酸酶 | SLP2 | SLP2与AtMIA40互作, 形成AtSLP2-AtMIA40蛋白质复合体, 通过抑制GA相关过程负调控种子萌发。 | ||
肌醇多聚磷酸1-磷酸酶 | FRY1 | FRY1突变使IP3大量积累, 导致ABA的诱导和内源RD29A及其它胁迫 响应基因的表达显著增强, 负调控ABA和逆境信号, 促进种子萌发。 |
Table 1 The main regulatory genes involved in seed dormancy and germination during protein phosphorylation modification
酶 | 大类 | 关键基因 | 分子功能 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|
蛋白激 酶 | MAPKs | MPK8 | 通过与GA反应的转录因子TCP14相互作用磷酸化TCP14, 增强其转录活性, 调控从休眠到萌发的转换。 | |
MKK1、 MPK6 | 参与ABA和糖调节的种子萌发, 通过增强ABA的合成与信号强度, 维持种子休眠, 抑制种子萌发。 | |||
Raf10、 Raf11 | 过表达Raf10和Raf11, 使种子对ABA敏感性增强, ABI3和ABI5表达上调, 从而延缓种子萌发。 | |||
MKK3 | MKK3-A高表达促进小麦种子休眠释放, 且MKK3可以与Qsd2-AK相互作用, 调控大麦种子休眠。 | |||
CPKs | CPK4、 CPK11 | 过表达CPK4和CPK11, 种子表现出对ABA敏感表型, 萌发受到明显抑制。 | ||
CPK12 | CPK12通过与ABI2相互作用磷酸化ABI2, 并下调ABF1和ABF4表达, 负调控ABA信号, 促进种子萌发。 | |||
CPK32 | CPK32通过与ABF4相互作用磷酸化ABF4, 增强其转录活性, 促进ABA信号转导, 抑制种子萌发。 | |||
SnRKs | SnRK2.2、 SnRK2.3 | ABA信号通路复合物PYLs-ABA-PP2C通过激活SnRK2.2和SnRK2.3激酶活性, 激活下游转录因子, 诱导种子对ABA的响应。 | ||
SAPK2 | ABA受体PYL/RCAR5作用于SAPK2上游, 激活SAPK2激酶活性, 通过OREB1介导ABA信号转导, 激活ABRE启动子活性, 负调控种子萌发。 | |||
类受体 激酶 | RLKs | GRACE | 编码膜蛋白, 在干种子中高表达, 其表达水平受ABA诱导, 进而延缓种子萌发, 维持种子休眠。 | |
RPK1 | RPK1基因表达受ABA诱导, 通过正调控ABA信号传导, 抑制种子萌发。 | |||
CRK28 | CRK28能够上调ABI3和ABI5的表达, 使ABA反应增强, 削弱种子萌发。 | |||
CRK45 | 过表达CRK45能够上调ABA合成及反应基因表达水平, 正调控ABA信号转导, 延缓种子萌发。 | |||
CARK1、 CARK6 | CARK1和CARK6通过与ABA受体RCAR11-14相互作用, 使其磷酸化, 促进ABA信号转导, 最终抑制种子萌发。 | |||
OsLecRK | OsLecRK表达受萌发信号刺激而上调, 进而与OsADF相互作用, 并进 一步转导萌发信号, 上调α-淀粉酶基因表达, 增强种子活力, 促进种子萌发。 | |||
磷酸酶 | PP2Cs | AHG1、 AHG3 | DOG1与AHG1/AHG3相互作用, 形成PP2C磷酸酶复合物, 抑制其磷酸酶活性, 进而增强ABA信号, 促使种子休眠。 | |
PP2C-a10 | PP2C-a10与TaDOG1L1和TaDOG1L4互作, 促进小麦种子萌发; 也可与ABA反应基因(ABI3、ABI4、ABI5、EM1和EM6)互作, 降低其表达水平, 促进拟南芥种子萌发。 | |||
ABI1、 ABI2 | 在ABA存在条件下, ABA与PYR1/PYL/RCAR受体结合, 抑制ABI1和ABI2活性, 激活SnRK2s的激酶活性, 并磷酸化下游转录因子, 使ABA 信号向下传递, 抑制种子萌发。 | |||
RDO5 | RDO5是种子特异性表达的休眠积极调控因子, 独立于ABA对种子休眠的调控, 通过抑制APUM9和APUM11的转录水平调节种子休眠。 | |||
FsPP2C1 | 过表达PP2C1种子萌发率高, 对ABA敏感性低, 且能够在不利的条件 (如甘露醇和盐)下萌发, 通过负调控ABA信号转导, 促进种子萌发。 | |||
HON | HON通过上调GA合成和响应基因的表达, 下调ABA响应基因和GA分解 基因表达, 激活GA信号, 抑制ABA信号, 使种子解除休眠, 向萌发过渡。 | |||
脂质磷 酸酶 | LPP2 | 后熟可激活LPP2的转录活性, 使其表达上调, 抑制种子对ABA的敏感性, 使种子能够完成萌发。 | ||
线粒体蛋白磷酸酶 | SLP2 | SLP2与AtMIA40互作, 形成AtSLP2-AtMIA40蛋白质复合体, 通过抑制GA相关过程负调控种子萌发。 | ||
肌醇多聚磷酸1-磷酸酶 | FRY1 | FRY1突变使IP3大量积累, 导致ABA的诱导和内源RD29A及其它胁迫 响应基因的表达显著增强, 负调控ABA和逆境信号, 促进种子萌发。 |
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