Phylogenetic Study of Amaranthaceae sensu lato Based on Multiple Plastid DNA Fragments

doi:10.11983/CBB19228

Abstract

Abstract: Amaranthaceae sensu lato, including Amaranthaceae sensu stricto and Chenopodiaceae, is the second largest family in Caryophyllales. However, the family status of Chenopodiaceae is disputable and phylogenetic relationships among all of the subfamilies circumscribed within Amaranthaceae s.l. have not been well resolved to date. In the present study, phylogeny of Amaranthaceae s.l. was reconstructed based on a comprehensive taxonomic sampling of all 13 subfamilies (59 species) circumscribed using eight plastid DNA fragments, and a molecular dating analysis of the family was also conducted. Results revealed that, the monophyly of Amaranthaceae both in broad and narrow sense was strongly supported, but the monophyly of Chenopodiaceae was rejected. Thus the concept of Amaranthaceae s.l. is accepted here. Phylogenetic positions of all subfamilies were all resolved with strong support values, except that the position of the subfamily Polycnemoideae was weakly supported. Additionally, the crown age of Amaranthaceae s.l. was estimated at ca. 69.9 million years ago (Ma) in the late Cretaceous, and a period of rapid divergence may have occurred near the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary (ca. 66.0 Ma).

Key words: Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllales, molecular dating, phylogeny

Jiuxiang Huang,Wenna Chen,Yuling Li,Gang Yao. Phylogenetic Study of Amaranthaceae sensu lato Based on Multiple Plastid DNA Fragments[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2020, 55(4): 457-467.

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URL: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/10.11983/CBB19228

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/Y2020/V55/I4/457

Figures/Tables 3

Table 1 Information of DNA sequences used in the study

Name of DNA sequences	Length of DNA sequences (bp)	Model selected
atpB	1497	GTR+I+Γ
ndhF	2242	TVM+I+Γ
psbB	1527	GTR+I+Γ
rbcL	1344	TVM+I+Γ
rpoC2	4147	GTR+I+Γ
rps4	606	TVM+Γ
rps16	1401	GTR+I+Γ
matK/trnK	2757	GTR+I+Γ

Figure 1 Phylogeny of Amaranthaceae sensu lato inferred from the combined matrix of eight plastid DNA regions Bootstrap support value and posterior probability of each node are indicated above branches.

Figure 2 Chronogram based on the BEAST analysis of the combined matrix of eight plastid DNA regions and four calibrations Calibration points are depicted with black circles. The crown node of Amaranthaceae sensu lato is shown by a hollow arrowhead. Ach: Achyranthoideae; Aer: Aervoideae; Ama: Amaranthoideae; Bet: Betoideae; Cam: Camphorosmoideae; Cel: Celosioideae; Che: Chenopodioideae; Cor: Corispermoideae; Gom: Gomphrenoideae; Pol: Polycnemoideae; Sali: Salicornioideae; Sals: Salsoloideae; Sua: Suaedoideae

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