禾本科作物芒遗传研究进展

doi:10.11983/CBB19236

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

芒是许多禾本科作物穗部的重要结构, 不仅可以作为区分不同品种以及基因定位的重要形态标记, 而且在禾谷类作物的种子传播、籽粒灌浆、蒸腾作用及产量形成等方面起重要作用。该文综述了小麦(Triticum aestivum)、大麦(Hordeum vulgare)和水稻(Oryza sativa)芒的结构、功能与遗传调控机制研究进展, 以期为芒性状遗传机理的进一步研究及其在育种中的应用提供参考。

关键词: 禾本科作物, 芒, 解剖结构, 功能, 遗传机制

Abstract:

The awn is an important structure on the panicles of many cereal crops, which can not only be used as an important morphological character to distinguish different varieties and as a morphological marker for genetic mapping, but also play an important role in seed transmission, grain filling, transpiration and yield. Here we summarize the recent advancement of studies on the structure, function and genetic mechanism of the awn in wheat, barley and rice, which may provide a reference for the further studies on the genetic mechanism of the awn development, and for the application in breeding.

Key words: cereal crops, awn, anatomical structure, function, genetic mechanism

亓斐, 邢丕一, 鲍印广, 王洪刚, 李兴锋. 禾本科作物芒遗传研究进展. 植物学报, 2020, 55(5): 613-622.

Fei Qi, Piyi Xing, Yinguang Bao, Honggang Wang, Xingfeng Li. Advances in Genetic Studies of the Awn in Cereal Crops. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2020, 55(5): 613-622.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB19236

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2020/V55/I5/613

图/表 7

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基因	染色体	功能	参考文献
B1	5AL	分生组织的维持	DeWitt et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2020
B2	6BL	抑制芒伸长	金迪等, 2019
Hd (Wknox1a)	4AL	抑制芒伸长	Milner et al., 2019
Wknox1b Wknox1d	4BS 4DS	茎尖分生组织的形成和维持	Morimoto et al., 2005

基因	染色体	功能	参考文献
B1	5AL	分生组织的维持	DeWitt et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2020
B2	6BL	抑制芒伸长	金迪等, 2019
Hd (Wknox1a)	4AL	抑制芒伸长	Milner et al., 2019
Wknox1b Wknox1d	4BS 4DS	茎尖分生组织的形成和维持	Morimoto et al., 2005

基因	染色体	功能	参考文献
AN1	4	促进细胞分裂和芒原基形成、谷粒伸长及穗粒数减少	Luo et al., 2013
AN2	4	促进细胞分裂素的合成	Gu et al., 2015
LABA1	4	增强芒原基细胞分裂活性及促进芒伸长和芒刺形成	Hua et al., 2015
GAD1	8	促进芒原基细胞分裂和芒形成	Jin et al., 2016
GLA	8	促进谷粒伸长	Zhang et al., 2019
TOB1	4	促进外稃和内稃形成和生长、分生组织的维持及花器官数量减少	Tanaka et al., 2012
DL	3	分生组织细胞的激活、促进芒形成和伸长及调节花器官的发育	Yamaguchi et al., 2004
SHO2	-	参与TAS3途径中ta-siRNA的合成	Toriba and Hirano, 2014
SHL2	1	参与TAS3途径中ta-siRNA的合成	Satoh et al., 2003
SHO1	4	参与TAS3途径中ta-siRNA的合成	Itoh et al., 2000
WAF1	7	参与TAS3途径中ta-siRNA的合成	Abe et al., 2010
OsETT2	1	外稃生长活化	Itoh et al., 2008

基因	染色体	功能	参考文献
AN1	4	促进细胞分裂和芒原基形成、谷粒伸长及穗粒数减少	Luo et al., 2013
AN2	4	促进细胞分裂素的合成	Gu et al., 2015
LABA1	4	增强芒原基细胞分裂活性及促进芒伸长和芒刺形成	Hua et al., 2015
GAD1	8	促进芒原基细胞分裂和芒形成	Jin et al., 2016
GLA	8	促进谷粒伸长	Zhang et al., 2019
TOB1	4	促进外稃和内稃形成和生长、分生组织的维持及花器官数量减少	Tanaka et al., 2012
DL	3	分生组织细胞的激活、促进芒形成和伸长及调节花器官的发育	Yamaguchi et al., 2004
SHO2	-	参与TAS3途径中ta-siRNA的合成	Toriba and Hirano, 2014
SHL2	1	参与TAS3途径中ta-siRNA的合成	Satoh et al., 2003
SHO1	4	参与TAS3途径中ta-siRNA的合成	Itoh et al., 2000
WAF1	7	参与TAS3途径中ta-siRNA的合成	Abe et al., 2010
OsETT2	1	外稃生长活化	Itoh et al., 2008

基因	染色体	功能	参考文献
HvKNOX3	4H	分生组织的维持	Müller et al., 1995, 2000; Santi et al., 2003
Lks2	7H	抑制芒伸长和控制雌蕊形态	Yuo et al., 2012
SuKD SuKB SuKC SuKE SuKF	5H 7H 7H 7H 7H	抑制HvKNOX3的表达	Roig et al., 2004
ROUGH AWN1	5H	控制芒倒钩	Milner et al., 2019