棉花抗黄萎病相关基因GhDIR1的生物学功能分析

doi:10.11983/CBB24135

植物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (5): 816-830.DOI: 10.11983/CBB24135 cstr: 32102.14.CBB24135

棉花抗黄萎病相关基因GhDIR1的生物学功能分析

黄雨欣¹, 谢涛², 王省芬³, 郭惠明², 程红梅², 马伯军¹, 陈析丰¹^,^*(), 苏晓峰²^,^*()

¹浙江师范大学生命科学学院, 金华 321004
²中国农业科学院生物技术研究所农业微生物资源发掘与利用全国重点实验室, 北京 100081
³河北农业大学农学院, 保定 071000

收稿日期:2024-09-04 接受日期:2024-10-30 出版日期:2025-09-10 发布日期:2024-11-15
通讯作者: *E-mail: xfchen@zjnu.cn; suxiaofeng@caas.cn
作者简介:中国农业科学院生物技术研究所微生物智能设计与合成创新团队程红梅课题组, 长期致力于作物黄萎病综合防治及新型基因编辑器在棉花中的评估和应用研究。近年来, 该课题组成功建立了病原菌精准监测预警方法, 系统解析了病原菌致病力、植物防御反应和环境微生物三者之间的互作机制, 从而利用合成生物学及纳米技术进行作物黄萎病的综合防治。课题组先后主持国家转基因重大专项、973计划、国家自然科学基金、公益性行业科技专项和国家重点研发等项目。在Nature Communications、Plant Biotechnology Journal、Chemical Engineering Journal和International Journal of Biological Macromolecules等国际知名及中文核心期刊上发表论文80余篇。获国家发明专利授权20余项, 为作物黄萎病的综合防控相关研究做出了重要贡献
基金资助:
农业生物育种重大项目(2023ZD04039);浙江省自然科学基金(LZ23C130004);河北省重点研发计划(21326314D)

Functional Verification of GhDIR1 Gene Against Verticillium Wilt in Cotton

Huang Yuxin¹, Xie Tao², Wang Xingfen³, Guo Huiming², Cheng Hongmei², Ma Bojun¹, Chen Xifeng¹^,^*(), Su Xiaofeng²^,^*()

¹College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
²National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
³College of Agriculture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China

Received:2024-09-04 Accepted:2024-10-30 Online:2025-09-10 Published:2024-11-15
Contact: *E-mail: xfchen@zjnu.cn; suxiaofeng@caas.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)引起的黄萎病是棉花(Gossypium hirsutum)生产中最主要的威胁之一, 其可导致棉花大幅减产和纤维品质严重下降。前期对接种大丽轮枝菌的拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)进行转录组分析, 表明DIR1类蛋白基因AT3G53980.2受病原菌强烈诱导表达。该研究发现, 棉花脂质转移蛋白编码基因GhDIR1 (Gh_A09G180700.1)与AT3G53980.2表现出高度的同源性。生物信息学分析表明, GhDIR1开放阅读框(ORF)为351 bp, 编码116个氨基酸残基。亚细胞定位结果显示GhDIR1定位于细胞膜。分析GhDIR1在大丽轮枝菌V991侵染后的表达模式, 发现其能快速响应大丽轮枝菌侵染。利用病毒诱导的基因沉默(VIGS)技术下调该基因表达后, 棉花对黄萎病菌的抗性显著降低。野生型和GhDIR1沉默植株转录组测序结果表明, 差异表达基因主要在类黄酮生物合成、倍半萜和三萜生物合成以及α-亚麻酸代谢3个途径富集; 同时, 荧光定量PCR结果表明, 3个途径中的6个关键基因(GhCHS、GhDFR、GhCAD、GhSEQ、GhLOX和GhAOC)在GhDIR1沉默植株中均下调表达, 与转录组数据一致。推测GhDIR1可能通过介导类黄酮和萜类化合物的合成途径, 并调节茉莉酸(JA)等植物激素的次级代谢来激活相关信号通路, 进而影响植株抗病性。综上, GhDIR1作为棉花抗黄萎病的正向调控因子, 通过参与多种激素和抗病信号网络调控植物的免疫反应。

关键词: 陆地棉, 棉花黄萎病, GhDIR1, 病毒诱导的基因沉默, 转录组分析

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Verticillium wilt (VW), caused by Verticillium dahliae, severely reduces cotton yield and fiber quality. Previous transcriptomic analysis in V. dahliae-inoculated Arabidopsis thaliana identified the pathogen-induced DIR1-like gene AT3G53980.2. In cotton, we discovered a homologous gene, GhDIR1 (Gh_A09G180700.1), encoding a lipid transfer protein. This study investigates its role in cotton resistance to V. dahliae. RATIONALE: We characterized GhDIR1’s molecular features, expression patterns under pathogen stress, and functional impact using bioinformatics, subcellular localization, qRT-PCR, and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) analyses. Transcriptomic analysis of wild-type and GhDIR1-silenced plants were conducted to unravel downstream regulatory networks, focusing on metabolic pathways linked to plant immunity. RESULTS: The results showed that GhDIR1 contains a 351 bp ORF encoding 116 amino acids. Subcellular localization confirmed its presence on the cell membrane. qRT-PCR showed rapid induction of GhDIR1 by V. dahliae. Silencing GhDIR1 increased cotton susceptibility to the pathogen. Transcriptomic data revealed that differentially expressed genes in silenced plants were enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis, sesquiterpene/triterpene biosynthesis, and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Key genes (GhCHS, GhDFR, GhCAD, GhSEQ, GhLOX, and GhAOC) in these pathways were downregulated, suggesting impaired synthesis of protective metabolites. CONCLUSION: It is speculated that GhDIR1 positively regulates cotton resistance to VW by modulating flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthesis and jasmonic acid-related signaling. Its silencing disrupts critical defense pathways, highlighting its role in coordinating immune responses. These findings propose GhDIR1 as a potential target for enhancing disease resistance in cotton.

The induced expression pattern of GhDIR1 and related genes after inoculation with Verticillium dahliae.

Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, cotton Verticillium wilt, GhDIR1, virus-induced gene silencing, transcriptome analysis

黄雨欣, 谢涛, 王省芬, 郭惠明, 程红梅, 马伯军, 陈析丰, 苏晓峰. 棉花抗黄萎病相关基因GhDIR1的生物学功能分析. 植物学报, 2025, 60(5): 816-830.

Huang Yuxin, Xie Tao, Wang Xingfen, Guo Huiming, Cheng Hongmei, Ma Bojun, Chen Xifeng, Su Xiaofeng. Functional Verification of GhDIR1 Gene Against Verticillium Wilt in Cotton. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2025, 60(5): 816-830.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB24135

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2025/V60/I5/816

图/表 8

表1 本研究所用引物

Table 1 Primer sequences used in this study

Primer names	Primer sequences (5′-3′)
GhDIR1-F	ATGGCAGCTGCAATGAAACTC
GhDIR1-R	TCAAGGAAGTGTATATGCTCCAC
qGhDIR1-F	CCTGGGAAAGGTGGTTGATG
qGhDIR1-R	TCTCAGGCTTGATTCCAGATGC
qGhCHS-F	GCTGCTGTTATAGTAGGTGCGGATC
qGhCHS-R	CTCAGCTAGGCTCTTTTCAATGTTC
qGhDFR-F	GCTCTGGGTTCATTGGTTCATGG
qGhDFR-R	CCTCTTCAGCTAAATCTGCTTTCC
qGhCAD-F	CCTGGCATTTGGGGAGATATCTTC
qGhCAD-R	GACACCCAACCTTTGGACTGC
qGhSEQ-F	GCAAAGGAGAATGCTCGCCTG
qGhSEQ-R	CCTGGCTGCAACAGTTCTCCAAC
qGhLOX-F	GATCGTGCTTGATGGTCTCACTG
qGhLOX-R	CGTTCCCTCTCAATGCCTGC
qGhAOC-F	CGGATAGGAATAACAGCAGGGATG
qGhAOC-R	GCCAGATCCACCAGTAATAGCG
Vd-ITS-F	TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG
Vd-ITS-R	TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC
GhDIR1-VIGS-F	TCTGTGAGTAAGGTTACC GAATTCG- TTCTGGGATTGATTGTGCTTATT
GhDIR1-VIGS-R	ACGCGTGAGCTCGGTACC GGAT C C- ATGCTCCACATCTGTAACCGACT
p1132-GhDIR1-F	TCTGTGAGTAAGGTTACC GAATTCC- CTGGGAAAGGTGGTTGATG
p1132-GhDIR1-R	ACGCGTGAGCTCGGTACC GGATCC- TCTCAGGCTTGATTCCAGATGC
UBQ-F	AGCTCGGATACGATTGATAACG
UBQ-R	GAAGACGAAGAACAAGGGGAAG

图1 GhDIR1蛋白质理化性质及基因上游启动子顺式作用元件分析 (A) GhDIR1蛋白亲疏水性分析; (B) GhDIR1结构域分析; (C) GhDIR1蛋白的三级结构预测; (D) GhDIR1蛋白跨膜结构域预测; (E) GhDIR1基因启动子顺式作用元件分析

Figure 1 Physicochemical properties of GhDIR1 and analysis of cis-acting element of the GhDIR1 gene promoter (A) Hydrophilicity analysis of GhDIR1 protein; (B) GhDIR1 structural domain analysis; (C) Tertiary structure prediction of GhDIR1 protein; (D) Transmembrane structural domain prediction of GhDIR1 protein; (E) Analysis of cis-acting element of the GhDIR1 gene promoter

图2 GhDIR1的基因组共线性分析深蓝色区域为陆地棉染色体。灰线描绘了陆地棉26条染色体中的所有共线性对。红色线条为与目的基因存在片段重复的共线性基因对, 最内圈及最外圈浅蓝色区域为基因密度的2种不同表现形式。

Figure 2 Genome collinearity analysis of GhDIR1 Dark blue regions represent the chromosomes of Gossypium hirsutum. The gray lines depict all collinear pairs across the 26 chromosomes. The red lines highlight collinear gene pairs associated with segmental duplications of the target gene. The innermost and outermost light blue rings illustrate two distinct representations of gene density.

图3 GhDIR1在接种大丽轮枝菌棉花中的表达热图分析GhDIR1基因在不同器官(根、茎)和不同接种时间(0、0.5、1、2、4、8和12小时)棉花中的表达水平。从蓝色到黄色表示低表达到高表达。

Figure 3 Expression of GhDIR1 in cotton inoculated with Verticillium dahliae Heat map analysis of GhDIR1 gene expressions in different organs (roots, stems) and different inoculation times (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h) of Gossypium hirsutum with V. dahliae. The color from blue to yellow indicates low to high level of expression.

图4 GhDIR1的亚细胞定位将GFP、GhDIR1-GFP融合表达蛋白分别与PM-mCherry膜定位marker共定位于烟草; GFP和GhDIR1-GFP融合表达蛋白在绿色荧光通道产生绿色荧光, PM-mCherry膜定位marker只在红色荧光通道mCherry中产生红色信号。(A) GFP亚细胞定位图(bars= 20 μm); (B) GhDIR1-GFP亚细胞定位图(bars=10 μm)

Figure 4 Subcellular localization of GhDIR1 The fusion proteins GFP and GhDIR1-GFP were co-localized with the PM-mCherry membrane localization marker in tobacco. The GFP and GhDIR1-GFP fusion proteins exhibited green fluorescence in the green fluorescence channel, while the PM-mCherry membrane localization marker displayed red fluorescence in the mCherry channel only. (A) GFP subcellular localization map (bars=20 μm); (B) GhDIR1-GFP subcellular localization map (bars=10 μm)

图5 GhDIR1基因沉默效率检测及其对棉花黄萎病抗性的影响 (A) TRV2::CLA1植株(bar=5 cm); (B) GhDIR1在沉默组棉花植株中的表达水平(3次生物学重复(n=3); 统计分析方法为ANOVA; *** P<0.001); (C) 大丽轮枝菌侵染14天后TRV2::00和TRV2::GhDIR1植株表型(bar=5 cm); (D) 大丽轮枝菌侵染14天后TRV2::00和TRV2::GhDIR1茎秆表型(bar=1 cm); (E) 接种14天后TRV2::00和TRV2::GhDIR1棉花植株病情指数统计(1-4分别为病情指数分级。1: 子叶变黄, 真叶无病症; 2: 子叶全部出现病症, 1-3片真叶出现病斑; 3: 包括子叶在内, 超过5片棉花叶片出现病症; 4: 所有叶片均表现病症, 叶片脱落, 植株枯死); (F) 接种14天后TRV2::00和TRV2::GhDIR1棉花植株相对真菌生物量测定(3次生物学重复(n=3); 统计分析方法为ANOVA; *** P<0.001)

Figure 5 Detection of GhDIR1 gene silencing efficiency and the resistant analysis of GhDIR1 silenced seedlings against cotton Verticillium wilt (A) TRV2::CLA1 plants (bar=5 cm); (B) Gene expression of GhDIR1 in silenced cotton plants (three biological replicates (n=3); ANOVA was used for the statistical analysis; *** P<0.001); (C) Phenotype of TRV2::00 and TRV2::GhDIR1 plants at 14 days post inoculation (dpi) with Verticillium dahliae (bar=5 cm); (D) Stem phenotype of TRV2::00 and TRV2::GhDIR1 plants at 14 dpi with V. dahliae (bar=1 cm); (E) Statistical analysis of disease index in cotton plants of TRV2::00 and TRV2::GhDIR1 at 14 dpi (grades 1-4 represent disease severity classifications. 1: Cotyledons turn yellow, no symptoms on true leaves; 2: All cotyledons show symptoms, 1-3 true leaves show necrosis or chlorosis; 3: More than 5 cotton leaves, including cotyledons, show symptoms; 4: All leaves show symptoms, and leaves fall off/plant dies); (F) Fungal biomass of TRV2::00 and TRV2::GhDIR1 plants at 14 dpi with V. dahliae (three biological replicates (n=3); ANOVA was used for the statistical analysis; *** P<0.001)

图6 TRV2::00和TRV2::GhDIR1棉花RNA-seq分析 (A) 每个样本中差异表达基因(DEGs)热图; (B) DEGs火山图; (C) GO分析; (D) KEGG分析。WT: 野生型; VIGS: 病毒诱导的基因沉默植株; BP: 生物过程; CC: 细胞成分; MF: 分子功能

Figure 6 RNA-seq comparison between TRV2::00 and TRV2::GhDIR1 cottons (A) Heat map of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each sample; (B) Volcano map of DEGs; (C) GO terms; (D) KEGG terms. WT: Wild type; VIGS: Virus-induced gene silencing plant; BP: Biological process; CC: Cellular component; MF: Molecular function

图7 qRT-PCR验证6个关键差异表达基因(DEGs)的表达水平蓝色柱子表示TRV2::00中基因相对表达水平, 标定为1, 作为对照组。紫色柱子为TRV2::GhDIR1中基因相对表达水平。3次生物学重复(n=3)。统计分析方法为ANOVA。** P<0.01; *** P<0.001

Figure 7 qRT-PCR verification of the expression levels of six key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) The blue bars represent the relative expression levels of genes in TRV2::00, normalized to 1, serving as the control group. The purple bars indicate the relative expression levels of genes in TRV2::GhDIR1. Three biological replicates (n= 3). ANOVA was used for the statistical analysis. ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001

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棉花抗黄萎病相关基因GhDIR1的生物学功能分析

Functional Verification of GhDIR1 Gene Against Verticillium Wilt in Cotton

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