Abstract: Within the rice anther, meiosis of the pollen mother cell produces microspores, which further develop into pollen grains. Then the mature pollen is released from the dehiscesd anther, and pollination occurs. Molecular studies have identified some genes participating in this process, including those regulating anther cell division and differentiation, controlling male meiosis, supporting pollen development, and promoting anther dehiscence. The rice pollen development process and its molecular mechanisms are reviewed in this article.