Abstract: Thylakoid membrane, which is the place for photosynthetic reaction, is mainly composed of membrane lipids, membrane proteins and photosynthetic pigments. Low temperature can affect photosynthesis by affecting the construction of thylakoid membrane. In this paper, the function and composition of thylakoid membrane, and its change under low temperature stress are depicted. In addition, we also concerned the relationship between membrane lipids and photoinhibition, and recent studies on the relationship between chilling tolerance and trienoic fatty acids in plants by molecular biology methods.