再生水补给河道内芦苇的光谱特征及其对水体氮和磷含量的响应

doi:10.11983/CBB20085

植物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (6): 666-676.DOI: 10.11983/CBB20085

再生水补给河道内芦苇的光谱特征及其对水体氮和磷含量的响应

赵睿¹^,², 卜红梅¹^,^*(), 宋献方¹^,², 高融瑾³

¹中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 陆地水循环及地表过程院重点实验室, 北京 100101
²中国科学院大学, 资源与环境学院, 北京 100049
³立命馆亚洲太平洋大学, 亚洲太平洋学院, 大分県別府市, 日本

收稿日期:2020-05-15 接受日期:2020-07-29 出版日期:2020-11-01 发布日期:2020-11-11
通讯作者: 卜红梅
作者简介:*E-mail: buhm@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41730749);北京市自然科学基金(8172044)

Spectral Characteristics of Phragmites australis and Its Response to Riverine Nitrogen and Phosphorus Contents in River Reaches Restored by Reclaimed Water

Rui Zhao¹^,², Hongmei Bu¹^,^*(), Xianfang Song¹^,², Rongjin Gao³

¹Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
²College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³College of Asia Pacific Studies, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Oita Beppu, Japan

Received:2020-05-15 Accepted:2020-07-29 Online:2020-11-01 Published:2020-11-11
Contact: Hongmei Bu

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 再生水是城市景观河湖的重要补给水源, 然而再生水中含量较高的氮和磷营养盐会引起水体富营养化, 破坏水生态平衡。以再生水补给的潮白河为研究区, 运用高光谱技术分析了挺水植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)叶片的光谱特征, 并结合水质数据, 通过拟合模型, 探究了芦苇对再生水中氮和磷的响应关系。结果表明, 各采样点水体的总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)含量分别介于1.85-18.16 mg·L^-1及0.01-0.36 mg·L^-1之间, 叶绿素a (Chl a)和溶解氧(DO)含量的范围分别为0.60-47.45 μg·L^-1与4.24-11.4 mg·L^-1。水体富营养化较为严重, 但仍处于富氧环境。多重方差分析表明, 不同采样点之间水体的TN、TP和Chl a含量差异显著(P<0.05)。由光谱反射率及反射率一阶导数曲线可知, 水体TN含量越高, 叶片光谱在可见光区的反射率越小, 红边位置也越向波长长的方向移动(即红移)。相关分析表明, 水体TN和TP含量与吸光度值log(1/R)在可见光区的相关性较强, 且TN与log(1/R)的相关系数高于TP。芦苇叶片光谱可在一定程度上区分水体TN含量差异, 但TP对光谱特征的影响模式不明显。光谱指数与水体TN含量之间的拟合模型中, 基于光化学指数(PRI)、修正叶绿素吸收指数(MCARI)和导数叶绿素指数(DCI)的模型能够解释水体TN含量变化的62.4%-70.9% (P<0.05), 可用于再生水氮含量的定量监测。该研究证明了植物光谱技术在水体富营养化监测上的可行性, 为保障再生水修复河道水质和生态安全提供了科学依据。

关键词: 再生水, 光谱反射率, 光谱指数, 氮和磷含量, 芦苇

Abstract: Reclaimed water is an important water source replenishing rivers and lakes for urban landscape. Higher contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in reclaimed water will cause eutrophication, disrupting the balance of hydro-ecology. Hyperspectral technology was applied to analyze the spectral characteristics of the emergent plant Phragmites australis, and the spectral characteristics response of P. australis leaf to nitrogen and phosphorus contents were explored in the Chaobai River restored by reclaimed water. Results showed that concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll a (Chl a), and dissolved oxygen (DO) were 1.85-18.16 mg·L ^-1, 0.01-0.36 mg·L^-1, 0.60-47.45 μg·L ^-1, and 4.24-11.4 mg·L^-1, respectively. Although the river water eutrophication was serious, it was still in an oxygen-rich environment. The results showed that there were significant differences in the concentrations of TN, TP, and Chl a among sampling sites (P<0.05) in multiple analysis of variance. With the increasing of riverine TN concentrations, the reflectance of leaf spectrum in the visible band lowered and the position of red edge also moved towards higher wavelength (i.e., redshift). The riverine TN and TP contents had significant correlations with the absorbance value log(1/R) in the visible band in correlation analysis, and the correlation coefficients between TN and log(1/R) were higher than that of TP. The difference of TN concentrations could be inferred by the spectrum of P. australis leaf to a certain extent, while the effect of TP on spectral characteristics was weaker than TN. TN was selected to establish fitting models with different spectral indices. Based on the photochemical reflectance index (PRI), the modified chlorophyll absorption ratio index (MCARI) and the derivative chlorophyll index (DCI), the exponential equations explained 62.4%-70.9% of TN (P<0.05), which could be useful for quantitatively monitoring of nitrogen contents in reclaimed water. This research proved practicability of plant spectrum technology in water eutrophication monitoring, providing a scientific basis for ensuring water quality safety and ecological security in rivers and lakes restored by reclaimed water.

Key words: reclaimed water, spectral reflectance, spectral index, nitrogen and phosphorus contents, Phragmites australis

赵睿, 卜红梅, 宋献方, 高融瑾. 再生水补给河道内芦苇的光谱特征及其对水体氮和磷含量的响应. 植物学报, 2020, 55(6): 666-676.

Rui Zhao, Hongmei Bu, Xianfang Song, Rongjin Gao. Spectral Characteristics of Phragmites australis and Its Response to Riverine Nitrogen and Phosphorus Contents in River Reaches Restored by Reclaimed Water. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2020, 55(6): 666-676.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB20085

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2020/V55/I6/666

图/表 5

图1 潮白河再生水补给区采样点分布图审图号: 京s(2020)028号 MY: 密云段再生水出水口附近; HR: 怀柔段再生水出水口附近; SY1: 顺义段再生水出水口附近; SY2: 顺义段减河公园内; SY3: 顺义段河南橡胶坝

Figure 1 The sampling sites in Chaobai River restored by reclaimed water MY: Reclaimed water outlet in Miyun District; HR: Reclaimed water outlet in Huairou District; SY1: Reclaimed water outlet in Shunyi District; SY2: Jian River Park in Shunyi District; SY3: Henan Rubber Dam in Shunyi District

图2 潮白河再生水补给区各采样点水体中TN (A)、TP (B)、Chl a (C)和DO含量(D) TN: 全氮; TP: 全磷; DO: 溶解氧。MY、HR、SY1、SY2和SY3同图1。不同小写字母表示不同采样点之间平均值的显著性差异。

Figure 2 The contents of TN (A), TP (B), Chl a (C) and DO (D) at different sampling sites in Chaobai River restored by reclaimed water TN: Total nitrogen; TP: Total phosphorus; DO: Dissolved oxygen. MY, HR, SY1, SY2 and SY3 see Figure 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between sampling sites.

图3 潮白河再生水补给区各采样点芦苇叶片光谱反射率(A)及反射率一阶导数(B) TN和TP同图2。MY、HR、SY1、SY2和SY3同图1。

Figure 3 Spectral reflectance (A) and the first derivative reflectance (B) of Phragmites australis leaves at different sampling sites in the Chaobai River restored by reclaimed water TN and TP see Figure 2. MY, HR, SY1, SY2 and SY3 see Figure 1.

图4 潮白河再生水补给区水体TN和TP含量与芦苇叶片吸光度值log(1/R)的相关系数 TN和TP同图2。

Figure 4 Correlation coefficients between contents of riverine TN and TP and absorbance values of Phragmites australis leaves in Chaobai River restored by reclaimed water TN and TP see Figure 2.

表1 芦苇叶片光谱指数与水体总氮(TN)含量的拟合模型

Table 1 Fitting models between spectral indexes of Phragmites australis leaves and riverine total nitrogen (TN) contents

Spectral indexes and expressions	Model types	Fitting equations	Adjusted R²
PRI (R531-R570)/(R531+R570)	Linear equation	y=5.243x+5.685	0.042
	Exponential equation	y=6.914e^1.102^x	0.693^*
	Quadratic equation	y=1.254x²+0.489x-0.156	0.219
	Logarithmic equation	y=0.492lnx-0.641	0.038
MCARI [(R700-R670)-0.2(R700-R550)] (R700/R670)	Linear equation	y=-3.122x+7.396	0.119
	Exponential equation	y=8.854e^-0.105^x	0.709^*
	Quadratic equation	y=-0.595x²+1.821x+2.608	0.426
	Logarithmic equation	y=-0.567lnx+1.614	0.092
NPCI (R680-R430)/(R680+R430)	Linear equation	y=4.915x+7.725	0.110
	Exponential equation	y=9.940e^0.008^x	0.507
	Quadratic equation	y=1.285x²+0.518x-0.087	0.209
	Logarithmic equation	y=1.043lnx+0.168	0.093
DCI D725/D705	Linear equation	y=2.485x+3.498	0.038
	Exponential equation	y=5.197e^0.164^x	0.624^*
	Quadratic equation	y=2.703x²-3.752x+1.854	0.478
	Logarithmic equation	y=2.07lnx-1.019	0.096

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再生水补给河道内芦苇的光谱特征及其对水体氮和磷含量的响应

Spectral Characteristics of Phragmites australis and Its Response to Riverine Nitrogen and Phosphorus Contents in River Reaches Restored by Reclaimed Water

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