空间转录组学是获取并解析转录组空间位置信息的重要工具。近年来, 随着分辨率、通量和灵敏度的提升, 该技术在生命科学领域取得了显著进展。目前, 空间转录组学在生物、医药和植物学等多个领域得到广泛应用。该文回顾了空间转录组学发展历程, 介绍了主流技术、技术选择策略及相关实验流程, 概述了空间转录组学在细胞类型识别与功能解析、植物生长发育、抗逆机制及作物育种应用中取得的进展。此外, 文章还从空间转录组学视角进行跨物种比较, 提出了目前技术发展中存在分辨率与通量平衡、植物组织的特殊性、数据分析和标准化等方面的瓶颈问题。最后, 展望了未来空间转录组学在技术创新、辅助分子生物育种, 以及数据整合与平台构建等中的潜在研究方向, 旨在为相关领域的研究提供参考借鉴。

Spatial transcriptomics is an important tool for obtaining and analyzing the spatial location information of the transcriptome. In recent years, with the improvement of resolution, throughput and sensitivity, this technology has made significant progress in the field of life sciences. Currently, spatial transcriptomics is widely applied in multiple fields such as biology, medicine and botany. This article reviews the development history of spatial transcriptomics, introduces mainstream technologies, technical selection strategies and related experimental procedures, and summarizes the progress made in the application of spatial transcriptomics in cell type identification and functional analysis, plant growth and development, stress resistance mechanisms and crop breeding. In addition, the article conducts cross-species comparisons from the perspective of spatial transcriptomics, and points out the bottleneck problems existing in the current technological development, such as the balance between resolution and throughput, the particularity of plant tissues, data analysis and standardization. Finally, it looks forward to potential research directions in the future, including technological innovation, assisting molecular biological breeding, and data integration and platform construction, aiming to provide reference and inspiration for related research fields.