解析植物抗病免疫机制是抗病作物育种和国家粮食安全保障的重要科学基础。光受体作为植物感知环境信号的核心组分, 不仅参与植物生长发育的精细调控, 还在植物与病原菌的互作中发挥关键信号枢纽的作用。现有研究表明, 植物光受体通过直接或间接的作用方式, 依赖COP1/SPA复合体、HY5和PIFs等一系列光信号调控元件, 通过调控植物抗性防御基因的时空表达以及防御激素的合成代谢调控等多层级途径, 实现了光信号与模式触发免疫(pattern-triggered immunity, PTI)和效应子触发免疫(effector-triggered immunity, ETI)信号的精密整合, 使植物能在有限的资源下巧妙地协同生长与免疫的平衡。近年来, 光信号与植物免疫系统的交互作用已成为植物生物学的研究热点, 其交互机制的解析也为未来抗病作物育种提供了新方向。该文聚焦于光受体整合调控植物免疫信号的分子机制, 重点综述了光受体介导的免疫启动机制及其与免疫激素信号的时空动态整合模式, 并展望了光遗传学技术在解析光信号与免疫信号交互作用机制中的应用潜力, 旨在为基于光信号调控元件的抗病作物分子设计育种提供全新的理论依据和技术路径。

Unraveling the mechanisms of plant disease resistance and immunity is crucial for breeding disease-resistant crops and safeguarding national food security. Photoreceptors, which are central for perceiving environmental signals, not only fine-tune plant growth and development, but also serve as key signaling hubs in plant-pathogen interactions. Studies have demonstrated that photoreceptor interact directly or indirectly with the COP1/SPA complex, HY5, PIFs, and other light-signaling components. By regulating the spatiotemporal expression of resistance-related defense genes and controlling the synthesis and response networks of defense-related hormones, photoreceptors precisely integrate light signals with pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), thereby balancing plant growth and immunity. In recent years, research into the interaction between light signaling and plant immune systems has become a hot topic in the field of plant biology. Elucidating these underlying mechanisms offers new directions for breeding disease-resistant crops. This paper focuses on the molecular mechanisms of plant disease resistance regulated by photoreceptors, particularly the immune activation mechanisms mediated by photoreceptors and their spatiotemporal integration with immune-related hormone signals. Additionally, it delves into the potential application of optogenetic technology in studying this interaction. The aim is to provide new theoretical and technical avenues for future molecular breeding of disease-resistant crops, which will be based on photoreceptor modification and signal transduction pathways.