植物卷须是一种特化的攀缘器官, 在植物的生存与环境适应中起着关键作用。通过提供结构支撑、增强光能捕获能力以及降低地面资源竞争, 卷须显著提升了植物的生态适应性。本文系统综述了植物中卷须的生物学特性和发育的分子机制。卷须由花序、叶片和枝茎等器官衍生而来, 由TCP、HD-ZIP和MADS-box等基因家族调控, 并受到生长素、赤霉素、细胞分裂素和茉莉酸等植物激素的影响。卷须在功能、形态及分子机制上表现出趋同进化现象, 并呈现独立演化的特征, 这反映了植物对生存环境的适应策略。未来的卷须形成与调控机制研究应关注跨物种的演化机制、环境信号与植物激素的相互调控等方面。

Tendrils are specialized climbing organs that play a key role in the survival and environmental adaptation of plants. Through structural supporting, light capturing, and resources competition, tendrils significantly improve the ecological adaptability of plants. This article provides a comprehensive review of the biological characteristics and molecular mechanisms of tendrils in horticultural plants. This review systematically synthesizes the biological characteristics and molecular mechanisms of development in plant tendrils. Tendrils are derived from inflorescences, leaves, stems and other organs. The occurrence of tendrils is regulated by gene families such as TCP, HD-ZIP, and MADS-box, and influenced by auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid and other plant hormones. Tendrils exhibit convergent evolution in function, morphology, and molecular mechanisms, and display characteristics of independent evolution, reflecting the adaptive strategies of plants to their living environment. Future studies will focus on evolutionary mechanisms across species and interaction between environmental signals and plant hormones for plant tendrils.