全球气候变化和耕地退化对小麦(Triticum aestivum)育种效率提出了新的挑战, 传统育种周期长、效率低, 难以满足日益增长的粮食需求。新疆作为我国优质小麦生产区, 亟待建立适合本地小麦品种的快速加代体系和高效遗传转化平台, 以缩短育种周期并拓宽转基因受体材料的选择范围。本研究以新疆主栽小麦品种新春9号、新春37、新春44和核春137为研究材料, 以小麦品种Fielder为对照, 通过优化温室环境参数和培养条件建立了快速加代模式, 并系统评估了这些小麦品种的幼胚遗传转化效率。快速加代实验结果表明, 在与常规温室条件相比, 人工气候室快速加代条件下, 五个品种的生育期均明显缩短, 其中新春37由92天缩短至59天, 差异最显著。农杆菌介导的幼胚遗传转化比较实验结果表明, 新春37的转化效率(23.30%)优于其他三个品种, 虽低于对照品种Fielder (27.95%)。而新春9号、新春44和核春137也表现出一定程度的转化效率。综上, 本研究建立了新疆主栽小麦品种快速加代技术体系, 并检测了不同受体的遗传转化效率, 将为新疆地区小麦种质创新提供关键技术支撑, 助力国家粮食安全战略。

INTRODUCTION: Global climate change and soil degradation have posed new challenges to the breeding efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Traditional breeding cycles are lengthy and inefficient, making it difficult to meet the ever-growing demand for food. As a major high-quality wheat producing region in China, Xinjiang urgently needs to establish a rapid generation-advancement system and an efficient genetic transformation platform tailored to its local cultivars, in order to shorten breeding cycles and expand the range of transgenic recipient materials.

RATIONALE: Compared to conventional greenhouse conditions, all five materials showed a significant reduction in generation time under artificial climate chamber conditions. XinChun 37 exhibited the greatest reduction, shortening its lifecycle from 92 days to 59 days; In Agrobacterium-mediated embryo transformation assays, XinChun 37 achieved a transformation efficiency of 23.30%, outperforming the other three Xinjiang cultivars but remaining lower than the Fielder control. XinChun 9, XinChun 44, and HeChun 137 also demonstrated measurable transformation efficiencies.

RESULTS: Under artificial climate chamber conditions compared to conventional greenhouse conditions, all five materials showed a significant reduction in generation time. XinChun 37 exhibited the greatest reduction, shortening its lifecycle from 92 days to 59 days; In Agrobacterium-mediated embryo transformation assays, XinChun 37 achieved a transformation efficiency of 23.30%, outperforming the other three Xinjiang cultivars but remaining lower than the Fielder control. XinChun 9, XinChun 44, and HeChun 137 also demonstrated measurable transformation efficiencies.

CONCLUSION: This study successfully established a novel rapid generation-advancement system for the main wheat cultivars of Xinjiang and, for the first time, compared their embryonic genetic transformation efficiencies. These findings will greatly shorten breeding cycles and provide key technological support for expanding the selection of transgenic recipient materials, thereby contributing to germplasm innovation and food-security strategies in Xinjiang and beyond.

The effects of speed breeding on agronomic traits of different spring wheat varieties. Under artificial climate chamber rapid-generation conditions, wheat grew well with normal fertility, all lines showed significantly shortened growth cycles and reduced spike length, while the number of effective tillers increased markedly.