为提高甜高粱生物量并揭示其生理生态机制, 研究了栽培密度(15 000、75 000与135 000 plant∙hm–2)和刈割对植株形态、分蘖、冠层内光照强度、气体交换以及生物量的影响。结果表明, 随着栽培密度提高, 甜高粱主茎株高增加、茎粗与叶面积降低, 分蘖数减少。同时, 增加密植导致甜高粱冠层内光照强度降低、叶片光合性能下降、植株鲜重减少, 但鲜草产量显著增加。刈割能够显著增加各密度处理的分蘖数, 降低分蘖死亡率。而且, 刈割还明显改善密植甜高粱冠层内光照强度、叶片光合性能与植株鲜重, 进而提高鲜草产量。进一步分析表明, 冠层内平均光照强度和主茎功能叶净光合速率分别是影响主茎实际分蘖数和鲜重的主因子。因此, 密植是甜高粱高产的重要栽培措施; 刈割通过改善密植冠层光环境提高光合速率与单株分蘖数量, 从而增加鲜草产量。该研究能够为甜高粱等优质牧草高产栽培提供理论依据。
INTRODUCTION: Light intensity is an important environmental factor affecting plant photosynthesis. High-density planting, an important crop cultivation practice for high yields, can reduce canopy light intensity. Under field conditions, canopy light intensity can affect yield formation by influencing the rate of photosynthesis and the number of plant tillers. Given the large size of sweet sorghum plants and the tendency of the canopy to be depressed, we hypothesized that mowing could help to improve photosynthetic rate and tillering, and thus population biomass formation, by improving the light environment within the canopy in high-density planted sweet sorghum.
RATIONALE: There is currently a serious shortage of high-quality forage in China. Sweet sorghum, a high quality forage crop ideal for silage, has attracted considerable attention due to its high biomass production and excellent palatability. This study aims to elucidate the patterns and physiological-ecological mechanisms by which mowing increases the population biomass of sweet sorghum, thus providing a theoretical basis for high-yield sweet sorghum cultivation.
RESULTS: With increasing planting density, the main stem height of sweet sorghum increases, while stem diameter and leaf area decrease, accompanied by a reduction in the number of tillers. At the same time, higher planting density reduces canopy light intensity, leaf photosynthetic performance and fresh weight per plant, although fresh forage yield increases significantly. Mowing significantly increases the number of tillers in all density treatments and reduces tiller mortality. In addition, mowing significantly improves canopy light conditions, leaf photosynthetic efficiency and plant fresh weight in densely planted sweet sorghum, further increasing fresh grass yield. Analysis shows that average canopy light intensity and net photosynthetic rate of functional leaves on the main stem are the main factors influencing actual tiller number and main stem fresh weight, respectively.
CONCLUSION: High density planting is an important cultivation measure for high yields of sweet sorghum. Mowing can improve the light environment within the canopy of densely planted sweet sorghum, thereby increasing the photosynthetic rate and the number of tillers per plant, and further increasing the population biomass.
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