Abstract: Salt stress is mainly caused by sodium ions. High concentration of sodium ions caused ion toxicity, osmotic stress, and K+/Na+ ratio imbalance, then resulting in deleterious effect on critical biochemical process. Transport of Na+ across the plasma membrane and vacuolar compartmentation are of critical importance for plant tolerance to salinity, the biochemical process is accomplished by the Na+/H+ antiporter system. This paper gives a comprehensive statement about the recent progress in studies on history, characteristics, salt tolerance and biotechnology of Na+/H+ antiporter of plants.