氮磷肥配施对冬小麦灌浆期光合参数及产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1259.2015.00047

植物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 47-54.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1259.2015.00047

氮磷肥配施对冬小麦灌浆期光合参数及产量的影响

黄彩霞^1,², 柴守玺^1,^*(), 赵德明³, 常磊¹, 程宏波⁴, 杨长刚¹

¹甘肃农业大学农学院, 兰州 730070
²甘肃农业大学工学院, 兰州 730070
³甘肃省政府投资项目评审中心, 兰州 730030
⁴甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院, 兰州 730030

收稿日期:2014-01-21 接受日期:2014-03-21 出版日期:2015-01-01 发布日期:2015-04-09
通讯作者: 柴守玺
作者简介:
? 共同第一作者
基金资助:
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(No.201303104)和现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(No.CARS-3-2-49)

Effect of Combined Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Photosynthesis Parameters at Grain-filling Stage and Grain Yield in Winter Wheat

Caixia Huang^{1, 2}, Shouxi Chai^{1, *}, Deming Zhao³, Lei Chang¹, Hongbo Cheng⁴, Changgang Yang¹

¹Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
²College of Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
³Gansu Government Project Approval Center, Lanzhou 730030, China
⁴College of Life Sciences and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730030, China

Received:2014-01-21 Accepted:2014-03-21 Online:2015-01-01 Published:2015-04-09
Contact: Chai Shouxi
About author:
? These authors contributed equally to this paper

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在西北绿洲生态条件下, 实验设4个处理, 即165(N₁)和225 kg·hm^-2(N₂)2个氮素(纯氮)水平及105(P₁)和165 kg·hm^-2(P₂)2个磷素(P₂O₅)水平, 研究了氮磷肥配施对冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种临抗2号光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明, 低氮(165 kg·hm^-2)处理组的净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)及蒸腾速率(T_r)日变化均呈双峰曲线, 有光合“午休”现象; 高氮(225 kg·hm^-2)处理可减弱甚至使光合“午休”现象消失; 高磷(165 kg·hm^-2)和低磷(105 kg·hm^-2)处理对光合特性的影响差异不显著。N₂P₂具有最高的群体叶面积指数(LAI)、群体光合速率(CAP)、穗粒数、亩穗数、千粒重及产量, 且与N₁P₁和N₁P₂的差异均达显著水平, 与N₂P₁则无显著差异。但N₂P₂水分利用效率(WUE)低于N₂P₁, 显著高于N₁P₁和N₁P₂(N₁P₁高于N₁P₂, 但无显著差异)。氮肥对光合“午休”的影响大于磷肥, 二者互作效应差异不显著。该实验条件下, 当N、P分别为225和105 kg·hm^-2时有利于提高冬小麦的光合速率及产量。

Abstract: The effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat were investigated in the Northwest Oasis area of China. Four treatments were 2 for nitrogen (165 and 225 kg·hm^-2) and 2 for phosphorus (105 and 165 kg·hm^-2). With low N application (N₁P₁, N₁P₂), the diurnal variations of net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s) and transpiration rate (T_r) were presented as double-peak curves, with obvious midday decrease in photosynthesis. With high N (N₂P₁, N₂P₂), the midday decrease in photosynthesis weakened or even disappeared. Fertilizer P had less effect on the photosynthesis as compared with N. Among the fertilization treatments, treatment N₂P₂ conferred the highest leaf area index, canopy apparent photosynthetic rate (CAP), grain number, spike number, 1 000 grain weight and grain yield as compared with N₁P₁and N₁P₂, but not N₂P₁. Water-use efficiency was lower with N₂P₂ than N₂P₁ and significantly higher for both N₁P₁and N₁P₂, with no difference between N₁P₁ and N₁P₂. Fertilizer N had greater effect on the midday decrease in photosynthesis than P, but the combined application of N and P had no significant co-effect. A combined application of 225 (N) and 105 kg·hm^-2(P) enhanced P_n and grain yield.

黄彩霞, 柴守玺, 赵德明, 常磊, 程宏波, 杨长刚. 氮磷肥配施对冬小麦灌浆期光合参数及产量的影响. 植物学报, 2015, 50(1): 47-54.

Caixia Huang, Shouxi Chai, Deming Zhao, Lei Chang, Hongbo Cheng, Changgang Yang. Effect of Combined Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Photosynthesis Parameters at Grain-filling Stage and Grain Yield in Winter Wheat. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2015, 50(1): 47-54.

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图/表 4

图1 氮磷肥配施对冬小麦叶面积指数的影响 LAI: 叶面积指数

Figure 1 Effects of fertilizers treatments on leaf area index of winter wheat LAI: Leaf area index

图2 冬小麦灌浆期环境因子的日变化(平均值±SD) Ca: 二氧化碳浓度; PAR: 光合有效辐射; Ta: 大气温度; RH: 大气相对湿度

Figure 2 Diurnal variations of environmental factors at grain-filling stage of winter wheat (means±SD) Ca: Carbon dioxide concentration; PAR: Photosynthetic available radiation; Ta: Air temperature; RH: Air relative humidity

图3 氮磷肥配施对冬小麦灌浆期净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔限制值(Ls)及群体光合速率(CAP)日变化的影响 (A) 净光合速率; (B) 气孔导度; (C) 蒸腾速率; (D) 胞间CO2浓度; (E) 气孔限制值; (F) 群体光合速率

Figure 3 Effects of fertilizers treatments on diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), stomata limitation (Ls) and the canopy apparent photosynthetic rate (CAP) at filling stage of winter wheat (A) Net photosynthetic rate; (B) Stomatal conductance; (C) Transpiration rate; (D) Intercellular CO2 concentration; (E) Stomatal limitation value; (F) Canopy apparent photosynthetic rate

表1 氮磷肥配施对冬小麦籽粒产量及其构成要素的影响

Table 1 Effects of combined nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on yield and its components of winter wheat

Treatments	Spike number (spike×10⁴·hm^-2)	Grain number (No·spike^-1)	1 000 grain weight (g)	Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	WUE (kg·hm^-2·mm^-1)
N₁P₁	879.77 aA	20.27 bB	50.63 cB	6 753.38 cC	11.09 bB
N₁P₂	903.79 aA	21.43 abAB	51.41 bcB	7 098.79 bB	11.14 bB
N₂P₁	882.11 aA	21.95 aAB	52.55 abAB	7 644.73 aA	11.67 aA
N₂P₂	897.12 aA	22.73 aA	53.55 aA	7 686.25 aA	11.49 aAB
F_N	3.36	9.52*	23.97**	199.13**	19.78**
F_P	0.63	4.07	4.65	9.53*	0.37
F_N×P	3.02	0.16	0.07	5.57*	1.164 0

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氮磷肥配施对冬小麦灌浆期光合参数及产量的影响

Effect of Combined Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Photosynthesis Parameters at Grain-filling Stage and Grain Yield in Winter Wheat

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