植物学报 ›› 2004, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (04): 471-477.

• 专题介绍 • 上一篇    下一篇

重要观赏兰科植物的分子生物学研究进展

朱根发 郭振飞   

  1. 1(广东省农业科学院花卉研究所 广州 510640) 2(华南农业大学生命科学院 广州 510640)
  • 收稿日期:2003-03-31 修回日期:2003-10-27 出版日期:2004-08-20 发布日期:2004-08-20
  • 通讯作者: 朱根发

Progress on Molecular Biology of Main Ornamental Orchidaceae

ZHU Gen-Fa GUO Zhen-Fei   

  1. 1(Floricultural Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640) 2(College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640)
  • Received:2003-03-31 Revised:2003-10-27 Online:2004-08-20 Published:2004-08-20
  • Contact: ZHU Gen-Fa

摘要: 兰科植物是开花植物中最大的家族之一,分子标记技术应用于兰科植物的分类鉴定和品种鉴别,为兰花的分类提供了分子水平的证据,也为兰花保护策略和措施的制定提供了理论基础。兰科植物表现有高度特异的形态、结构和生理特性,是研究花着色机理和子房发育的理想对象。兰花离体培养开花系统的建立,可以用来探明兰花从营养生长向生殖生长的转变机制,是研究花的分化和发育的理想材料。兰花具有特异的查尔酮合成酶(CHS)基因和二氢叶酸还原酶(DFR)基因等控制花色素的合成,DOH1基因控制石斛兰花芽的形成和提早开花,PHAL.039基因和ACC合成酶基因在蝴蝶兰授粉后的子房发育中起着重要的调控作用,这些特异基因的分离和克隆为兰花花的分化、发育及着色机制提供了分子基础。蝴蝶兰属、大花蕙兰(Cymbidium hybridium)、石斛兰属、文心兰属、五唇兰属和万代兰属等兰科植物都有转基因的研究报道,主要以原球茎为材料采用基因枪或农杆菌法转化,部分研究获得了转化植株。

Abstract: Orchidaceae is one of the largest families of flowering plants. DNA molecular marker techniques have been used in taxonomy, phylogenetic analysis between different species or varieties,and conservation. Orchidaceae has highly specialized morphological, structural, and physiological characteristics,it is an ideal material to study flower pigmentation and ovule initiation and development. In vitro flowering techniques of orchids provide a model system to study inflorescence differentiation and development. Flavonoid pathway was regulated by CHS and DFR gene in orchids.Flower bud formation and early flowering were controlled by DOH1 gene in Dendrobium. ACC synthase gene and PHAL.039 gene were most likely important regulators involved in ovule tissue initiation and development in Phalaenopsis. Genetic transformation has been reported in Phalaenopsis spp., Cymbidium spp., Oncidium spp., Dendrobium spp., Doritis spp., and Vanda spp .Transgenic plants were produced from protocorm by bombardment or Agrobacterium mediated transformation.