植物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 353-362.DOI: 10.11983/CBB15094
收稿日期:
2015-06-01
接受日期:
2015-09-25
出版日期:
2016-05-01
发布日期:
2016-05-24
通讯作者:
范亚文
作者简介:
? 共同第一作者
基金资助:
Zhishun Xiao, Cong Lin, Shuang Yang, Yan Liu, Yawen Fan*
Received:
2015-06-01
Accepted:
2015-09-25
Online:
2016-05-01
Published:
2016-05-24
Contact:
Fan Yawen
About author:
? These authors contributed equally to this paper
摘要: 2014年5-10月对大庆新华湖藻类植物群落结构与环境因子的关系进行了初步研究, 为湖泊状况的动态监测提供基本数据。调查期间, 共发现藻类植物135种, 隶属5门63属, 其中硅藻门56种, 绿藻门49种, 蓝藻门15种, 裸藻门12种, 甲藻门3种。新华湖优势种共24种, 包括绿藻门14种, 蓝藻门6种, 硅藻门3种, 裸藻门1种, 且季节更替明显, 可以初步推断新华湖藻类植物群落组成为绿藻-硅藻型。新华湖藻类植物细胞丰度变化范围为37.57×106-72.37×106 cells·L-1, 平均值为52.13×106 cells·L-1。多样性指数变化为: Simpson生态优势度指数(D)在0.642-0.928之间, Shannon-Weaver多样性指数(H')在1.698-3.1之间, Pielou均匀度指数(J)在0.324-0.561之间, 3种指数变化趋势一致, 均在秋季最高, 春季最低。研究表明, 水温、pH值、总磷、生化需氧量、溶解氧和水动力是影响新华湖藻类植物群落结构的主要因子。
肖智顺, 林聪, 杨双, 刘妍, 范亚文. 大庆新华湖藻类植物群落结构与环境因子的相关性. 植物学报, 2016, 51(3): 353-362.
Zhishun Xiao, Cong Lin, Shuang Yang, Yan Liu, Yawen Fan. Community Structure of Phytoplankton and Its Relation with Environmental Factors in Xinhua Lake of China. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2016, 51(3): 353-362.
Season | Sampling sites | SD (cm) | Tempera- ture (°C) | SpCond (μS·cm-1) | DO (mg·L-1) | Chlorophyll a (mg·L-1) | NH3-N (mg·L-1) | TN (mg·L-1) | TP (mg·L-1) | COD (mg·L-1) | BOD (mg·L-1) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spring | I | 19 | 32.5 | 3770 | 4.18 | 10.20 | 0.64 | 2.9 | 0.56 | 8.56 | 21.00 | 9.06 |
II | 18 | 31.4 | 3930 | 3.74 | 11.31 | 0.72 | 2.75 | 0.36 | 9.53 | 20.30 | 9.08 | |
III | 16 | 33.7 | 3710 | 3.34 | 10.35 | 0.84 | 3.24 | 0.75 | 9.87 | 19.80 | 8.97 | |
IV | 18 | 28.6 | 3370 | 3.02 | 15.40 | 0.70 | 2.70 | 0.38 | 10.31 | 17.90 | 8.91 | |
V | 17 | 33.3 | 3730 | 4.33 | 11.65 | 0.70 | 3.55 | 0.42 | 9.00 | 18.30 | 9.01 | |
VI | 20 | 27.4 | 3550 | 4.27 | 11.58 | 0.68 | 2.57 | 0.45 | 9.00 | 17.88 | 8.83 | |
Summer | I | 23 | 29.6 | 3850 | 5.75 | 13.90 | 0.65 | 2.64 | 1.12 | 8.73 | 9.50 | 9.41 |
II | 22 | 32.2 | 3850 | 7.61 | 12.70 | 0.69 | 2.55 | 0.71 | 9.01 | 10.20 | 9.39 | |
III | 24 | 28.5 | 4010 | 6.70 | 14.80 | 0.84 | 3.52 | 0.94 | 11.4 | 18.10 | 9.42 | |
IV | 23 | 32.6 | 3990 | 6.24 | 16.50 | 0.45 | 3.02 | 0.9 | 11.9 | 20.80 | 9.39 | |
V | 18 | 33.6 | 3990 | 7.35 | 12.10 | 0.84 | 3.31 | 0.86 | 9.59 | 11.30 | 9.45 | |
VI | 26 | 31.2 | 3960 | 8.20 | 11.80 | 0.83 | 3.15 | 0.82 | 9.01 | 8.70 | 9.43 | |
Autumn | I | 18 | 11.6 | 3860 | 6.25 | 11.90 | 0.63 | 2.88 | 0.67 | 10.3 | 20.60 | 8.39 |
II | 18 | 13.4 | 3940 | 6.05 | 12.80 | 0.75 | 2.95 | 0.45 | 10.2 | 18.10 | 7.79 | |
III | 16 | 16.8 | 4100 | 5.54 | 12.90 | 0.84 | 3.01 | 0.76 | 14.2 | 23.90 | 8.45 | |
IV | 16 | 14.0 | 3450 | 5.54 | 14.30 | 0.95 | 4.02 | 0.60 | 10.0 | 18.90 | 7.45 | |
V | 16 | 13.5 | 4100 | 7.90 | 11.20 | 0.56 | 2.58 | 0.47 | 10.4 | 21.50 | 7.95 | |
VI | 18 | 13.2 | 4050 | 7.96 | 12.00 | 0.53 | 2.49 | 0.58 | 10.6 | 20.10 | 7.96 |
表1 新华湖各采样点的理化指标
Table 1 Physicochemical indexes of sampling sites in Xinhua Lake
Season | Sampling sites | SD (cm) | Tempera- ture (°C) | SpCond (μS·cm-1) | DO (mg·L-1) | Chlorophyll a (mg·L-1) | NH3-N (mg·L-1) | TN (mg·L-1) | TP (mg·L-1) | COD (mg·L-1) | BOD (mg·L-1) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spring | I | 19 | 32.5 | 3770 | 4.18 | 10.20 | 0.64 | 2.9 | 0.56 | 8.56 | 21.00 | 9.06 |
II | 18 | 31.4 | 3930 | 3.74 | 11.31 | 0.72 | 2.75 | 0.36 | 9.53 | 20.30 | 9.08 | |
III | 16 | 33.7 | 3710 | 3.34 | 10.35 | 0.84 | 3.24 | 0.75 | 9.87 | 19.80 | 8.97 | |
IV | 18 | 28.6 | 3370 | 3.02 | 15.40 | 0.70 | 2.70 | 0.38 | 10.31 | 17.90 | 8.91 | |
V | 17 | 33.3 | 3730 | 4.33 | 11.65 | 0.70 | 3.55 | 0.42 | 9.00 | 18.30 | 9.01 | |
VI | 20 | 27.4 | 3550 | 4.27 | 11.58 | 0.68 | 2.57 | 0.45 | 9.00 | 17.88 | 8.83 | |
Summer | I | 23 | 29.6 | 3850 | 5.75 | 13.90 | 0.65 | 2.64 | 1.12 | 8.73 | 9.50 | 9.41 |
II | 22 | 32.2 | 3850 | 7.61 | 12.70 | 0.69 | 2.55 | 0.71 | 9.01 | 10.20 | 9.39 | |
III | 24 | 28.5 | 4010 | 6.70 | 14.80 | 0.84 | 3.52 | 0.94 | 11.4 | 18.10 | 9.42 | |
IV | 23 | 32.6 | 3990 | 6.24 | 16.50 | 0.45 | 3.02 | 0.9 | 11.9 | 20.80 | 9.39 | |
V | 18 | 33.6 | 3990 | 7.35 | 12.10 | 0.84 | 3.31 | 0.86 | 9.59 | 11.30 | 9.45 | |
VI | 26 | 31.2 | 3960 | 8.20 | 11.80 | 0.83 | 3.15 | 0.82 | 9.01 | 8.70 | 9.43 | |
Autumn | I | 18 | 11.6 | 3860 | 6.25 | 11.90 | 0.63 | 2.88 | 0.67 | 10.3 | 20.60 | 8.39 |
II | 18 | 13.4 | 3940 | 6.05 | 12.80 | 0.75 | 2.95 | 0.45 | 10.2 | 18.10 | 7.79 | |
III | 16 | 16.8 | 4100 | 5.54 | 12.90 | 0.84 | 3.01 | 0.76 | 14.2 | 23.90 | 8.45 | |
IV | 16 | 14.0 | 3450 | 5.54 | 14.30 | 0.95 | 4.02 | 0.60 | 10.0 | 18.90 | 7.45 | |
V | 16 | 13.5 | 4100 | 7.90 | 11.20 | 0.56 | 2.58 | 0.47 | 10.4 | 21.50 | 7.95 | |
VI | 18 | 13.2 | 4050 | 7.96 | 12.00 | 0.53 | 2.49 | 0.58 | 10.6 | 20.10 | 7.96 |
图3 新华湖春、夏和秋3季各藻类种数变化(Chl: 绿藻门; Eug: 裸藻门; Cya: 蓝藻门; Pyr: 甲藻门; Bac: 硅藻门)
Fig. 3 The seasonal variations of the phytoplankton species in Xinhua Lake(Chl: Chlorophyta; Eug: Euglenophyta; Cya: Cyanophyta; Pyr: Pyrrhophyta; Bac: Bacillariophyta)
Phylum | Species |
---|---|
Bacillariophyta | Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing |
Coscinodiscus lacustris Grun. | |
Nitzschia palea (Kütz.) W. Smith | |
Cyanophyta | Anabaena azotica Ley. |
Raphidiopsis curvata Fritsch et Rich | |
Chroococcus minutus (Kütz.) Näg. | |
Arthrospira maxima Setch. et Gardner | |
Merismopedia minima G. Beck | |
Anabaenopsis circularis (G. S. West) Wolosz. et Miller | |
Chlorophyta | Tetraëdron minimum (A. Braun) Hansgirg |
Cosmarium depressum (Näg.) Lundell | |
Scenedesmus bijuga (Turp.) Lagerheim | |
Kirchneriella lunaris (Kirch. ) Moebius | |
S. abundans (Kirchn.) Chodat | |
Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck | |
C. subprotumidum Nordstedt | |
Pediastrum boryanum (Turp.) Meneghini | |
Oocystis elliptica W. West | |
O. solitaria Wittrock | |
S. quadricauda (Turp.) Brébisson | |
S. protuberans Fritsch. | |
Ankistrodesmus angustus Bernard | |
O. parva West & West | |
Euglenophyta | Euglena viridis Ehrenberg |
表2 新华湖藻类植物优势种
Table 2 Dominant species of phytoplankton in Xinhua Lake
Phylum | Species |
---|---|
Bacillariophyta | Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing |
Coscinodiscus lacustris Grun. | |
Nitzschia palea (Kütz.) W. Smith | |
Cyanophyta | Anabaena azotica Ley. |
Raphidiopsis curvata Fritsch et Rich | |
Chroococcus minutus (Kütz.) Näg. | |
Arthrospira maxima Setch. et Gardner | |
Merismopedia minima G. Beck | |
Anabaenopsis circularis (G. S. West) Wolosz. et Miller | |
Chlorophyta | Tetraëdron minimum (A. Braun) Hansgirg |
Cosmarium depressum (Näg.) Lundell | |
Scenedesmus bijuga (Turp.) Lagerheim | |
Kirchneriella lunaris (Kirch. ) Moebius | |
S. abundans (Kirchn.) Chodat | |
Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck | |
C. subprotumidum Nordstedt | |
Pediastrum boryanum (Turp.) Meneghini | |
Oocystis elliptica W. West | |
O. solitaria Wittrock | |
S. quadricauda (Turp.) Brébisson | |
S. protuberans Fritsch. | |
Ankistrodesmus angustus Bernard | |
O. parva West & West | |
Euglenophyta | Euglena viridis Ehrenberg |
图4 新华湖不同采样点藻类植物丰度变化(A)和藻类植物丰度季节变化(B)(I-VI同表1; Bac、Pry、Cya、Eug和Chl同图3。)
Fig. 4 The variations of phytoplankton abundance in different sampling sites (A) and the seasonal variations of phytoplankton abundance (B) in Xinhua Lake(I-VI see Table 1. Bac, Pry, Cya, Eug and Chl see Figure 3.)
Season | Index | Sampling sites | Average value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | II | III | IV | V | VI | |||
Spring | H′ | 2.407 | 2.205 | 2.144 | 1.845 | 1.698 | 2.005 | 2.051 |
D | 0.808 | 0.792 | 0.763 | 0.670 | 0.642 | 0.734 | 0.735 | |
J | 0.469 | 0.426 | 0.390 | 0.342 | 0.324 | 0.382 | 0.389 | |
Summer | H′ | 2.345 | 2.510 | 2.236 | 2.097 | 2.471 | 2.111 | 2.295 |
D | 0.810 | 0.851 | 0.779 | 0.779 | 0.771 | 0.859 | 0.748 | |
J | 0.441 | 0.493 | 0.432 | 0.406 | 0.499 | 0.412 | 0.447 | |
Autumn | H′ | 2.876 | 3.065 | 2.899 | 3.100 | 3.082 | 2.936 | 2.993 |
D | 0.900 | 0.925 | 0.915 | 0.928 | 0.927 | 0.911 | 0.918 | |
J | 0.487 | 0.535 | 0.561 | 0.534 | 0.549 | 0.541 | 0.534 |
表3 新华湖藻类植物多样性指数的季节变化
Table 3 Seasonal variations of biodiversity indexes in Xinhua Lake
Season | Index | Sampling sites | Average value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | II | III | IV | V | VI | |||
Spring | H′ | 2.407 | 2.205 | 2.144 | 1.845 | 1.698 | 2.005 | 2.051 |
D | 0.808 | 0.792 | 0.763 | 0.670 | 0.642 | 0.734 | 0.735 | |
J | 0.469 | 0.426 | 0.390 | 0.342 | 0.324 | 0.382 | 0.389 | |
Summer | H′ | 2.345 | 2.510 | 2.236 | 2.097 | 2.471 | 2.111 | 2.295 |
D | 0.810 | 0.851 | 0.779 | 0.779 | 0.771 | 0.859 | 0.748 | |
J | 0.441 | 0.493 | 0.432 | 0.406 | 0.499 | 0.412 | 0.447 | |
Autumn | H′ | 2.876 | 3.065 | 2.899 | 3.100 | 3.082 | 2.936 | 2.993 |
D | 0.900 | 0.925 | 0.915 | 0.928 | 0.927 | 0.911 | 0.918 | |
J | 0.487 | 0.535 | 0.561 | 0.534 | 0.549 | 0.541 | 0.534 |
图5 优势种与环境因子之间的典范对应分析(CCA) (F-ratio= 3.091, P-value=0.018)(BOD: 生化需氧量; DO: 溶解氧; TP: 总磷; WT: 水温; pH: 酸碱度; S1: 扁鼓藻; S2: 丰富栅藻; S3: 环圈拟鱼腥藻; S4: 双对栅藻; S5: 蹄形藻; S6: 微小四角藻; S7: 梅尼小环藻; S8: 小球藻; S9: 固氮鱼腥藻; S10: 湖沼圆筛藻; S11: 近膨胀鼓藻; S12: 谷皮菱形藻; S13: 短棘盘星藻; S14: 椭圆卵囊藻; S15: 弯形小尖头藻; S16: 微小色球藻; S17: 绿色裸藻; S18: 极大节旋藻; S19: 单生卵囊藻; S20: 四尾栅藻; S21: 隆顶栅藻; S22: 细小平裂藻; S23: 狭形纤维藻; S24: 小形卵囊藻)
Fig. 5 Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) biplot of phytoplankton species and environmental factors in Xinhua Lake (F-ratio=3.091, P-value=0.018)(BOD: Biochemical oxygen demand; DO: Dissolved oxygen; TP: Total phosphorus; WT: Water temperature; pH: pH value; S1: Cosmarium depressum; S2: Scenedesmus abundans; S3: Anabaenopsis circularis; S4: S. bijuga; S5: Kirchneriella lunaris; S6: Tetraëdron minimum; S7: Cyclotella meneghiniana; S8: Chlorella vulgaris; S9: Anabaena azotica; S10: Coscinodiscus lacustris; S11: C. subprotumidum; S12: Nitzschia palea; S13: Pediastrum boryanum; S14: Oocystis elliptica; S15: Raphidiopsis curvata; S16: Chroococcus minutus; S17: Euglena viridis; S18: Arthrospira maxima; S19: O. solitaria; S20: S. quadricauda; S21: S. protuberans; S22: Merismopedia minima; S23: Ankistrodesmus angustus; S24: O. parva)
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