Abstract: Triploid poplar plants grow faster and produce long fibres suitable for making paper pulp. The current situation of the studies of triploid poplar breeding is outlined in the finding of naturally occurring triploid poplars and in triploid poplar breeding, especially in adopting the methods of cross breeding, selecting natural 2n pollen, inducing 2n gamete. The development tendency and the importance of triploid poplar breeding are pointed out.