植物根向水性反应研究进展

doi:10.11983/CBB18020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根的向水性生长是指植物通过根尖感知土壤中的水分梯度, 向着水势较高区域生长的一种生物学特性, 这一特性对植物从土壤中有效获取水分极为重要。植物向水性研究已成为当前植物学研究的热点领域, 但对于调控这一生理反应的分子机制仍知之甚少。目前的研究表明, MIZ1和GNOM作为植物向水性反应的重要调节因子, 正向调控植物根的向水性生长。此外, 植物激素、光、ROS及钙离子也参与调节植物的向水性反应。该文将从向水性的研究历史、调控基因以及内外因素等方面进行阐述, 便于读者全面了解植物向水性研究进展, 以期为向水性研究提供新思路。

关键词: 向水性, 向水性反应, 水分梯度, MIZ1, GNOM

Abstract: Plant root tips can sense the moisture gradient in soil and grow toward the higher water potential region. This unique response is called the hydrotropic response or hydrotropism. Hydrotropism plays a key role for plants to efficiently obtain water from soil. The root hydrotropic response has become one of the hot topics in plant biology. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms controlling the root hydrotropic response are poorly understood. Previous studies de- monstrated that MIZ1 and GNOM can positively regulate the hydrotropic response. Several phytohormones, light, ROS and Ca²⁺ were also thought to mediate the root hydrotropic response, but their detailed molecular mechanisms are not yet elucidated. This review highlights the research history and factors of hydrotropic response and identification and characterization of key regulators of hydrotropic response, to give a more comprehensive understanding of research progress in the plant hydrotropic response. We provide perspectives on possible future research directions.

Key words: hydrotropism, hydrotropic response, moisture gradient, MIZ1, GNOM

高坤, 常金科, 黎家. 植物根向水性反应研究进展. 植物学报, 2018, 53(2): 154-163.

Gao Kun, Chang Jinke, Li Jia. Current Understanding of Plant Root Hydrotropic Response. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2018, 53(2): 154-163.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB18020

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2018/V53/I2/154

图/表 2

图1 植物根向水性反应实验筛选体系示意图(A) Sachs发现植物的根具有向水性所用的实验方法(Sachs, 1887); (B) Jaffe及其同事证明植物根向水性存在所用的实验方法(Jaffe et al., 1985); (C) 墨西哥Cassab实验室的根向水性筛选系统(Eapen et al., 2003; Saucedo et al., 2012); (D), (E) 日本东北大学Takahashi实验室的根向水性筛选系统(Takahashi et al., 2002; Kobayashi et al., 2007)。NM: 正常培养基; WSM: 水分胁迫培养基

Figure 1 Methods used for demonstrating root hydrotropism and screening for mutants altering root hydrotropic response(A) The method Sachs used to demonstrate plant root hydrotropic response (Sachs, 1887); (B) Experiment Jaffe et al. (1985) carried out to prove the existence of the hydrotropic response using Ageotropum mutant; (C) Screening system for identifying mutants with altered hydrotropic response in Cassab’s lab (Eapen et al., 2003; Saucedo et al., 2012); (D), (E) Screening system used in Takahashi’s laboratory for mutants with altered hydrotropic response (Takahashi et al., 2002; Kobayashi et al., 2007). NM: Normal nutrient medium; WSM: Water stress medium

图2 已知植物根向水性反应的调控模式MIZ1和GNOM可以调控植物根的向水性反应, 而且GNOM对MIZ1功能的发挥是必要的; 光可以通过下游转录因子HY5调控 MIZ1的表达从而调节植物根的向水性反应; 但植物激素参与植物根向水性反应的作用机制仍有待进一步阐明。

Figure 2 Current understanding of plant root hydrotropic responseMIZ1 and GNOM are known proteins regulating hydrotropism. GNOM is essential for the function of MIZ1. Light can regulate the transcription of MIZ1 via an important transcriptional factor, HY5. Additional analyses are needed to elucidate the detailed molecular mechanisms of phytohormones in controlling root hydrotropic response.

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