重庆中梁山不同石漠化生境中石生南亚毛灰藓斑块的空间分布格局

doi:10.11983/CBB16191

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于重庆市中梁山喀斯特(Karst)地区3种不同石漠化生境(潜在石漠化、轻度石漠化和中度石漠化)中0.75 hm²样地的数据, 以石生南亚毛灰藓(Homomallium simlaense)的3种斑块(小斑块、中斑块和大斑块)为研究对象, 运用点格局O-ring的单变量和双变量统计方法对斑块空间格局以及斑块间的关联性进行生态学特性与形成过程分析, 取得以下结果。(1) 南亚毛灰藓总斑块数量关系为轻度石漠化>潜在石漠化>中度石漠化; 在3种石漠化生境中, 各种类型的斑块均呈现出小斑块>中斑块>大斑块的数量变化。(2) 小斑块和中斑块在小尺度上主要为聚集分布, 其它尺度上为随机分布; 大斑块在整个尺度上都呈随机分布。(3) 中斑块与小斑块在3种生境中均在小尺度上有显著的关联性; 大斑块与中斑块仅在潜在石漠化生境中的小尺度上有关联性, 其它斑块间在不同生境与尺度上均无关联性。(4) 环境因子中坡度和石缝数对斑块的分布起很大作用, 但是相对湿度是影响分布的主要因子。(5) 在相对湿度和郁闭度胁迫方面, 小斑块和中斑块随环境胁迫增大而趋于聚集分布。研究结果表明, 苔藓斑块大小及其分布式样在石漠化地区裸露岩石的生态恢复中具有重要指示意义。

关键词: 石漠化生境, 斑块大小, 空间格局, 胁迫梯度假说

Abstract: The present study used O-ring Point Pattern Analysis to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of three sizes of moss patches in the Karst area of Zhongliang Mountain, Chongqing, to understand the ecological characteristics and process of the common epilithic moss species Homomallium simlaense. Data were from 0.75 hm² sample plots in three rocky desertification habitats (potential, slight, and medium rocky desertification). The total number of H. simlaense patches was higher in slight rocky desertification plots, then potential rock desertification plots; medium rock desertification plots had lower patch number. In the three habitats, the changes in patch number were from small patches>medium patches>large patches. Small and medium patches were significantly clustered at small scales but randomly distributed at other scales; however, the large patches randomly distributed at all scales. We found a positive correlation between medium and small patches at small scales in the three habitats and no significant correlation between large and medium patches at most scales, except small scales in potential rocky desertification plots. Relative humidity was the most important environmental factor affecting the moss patch distribution, and the slope and number of rock fracture also played a significant role. Small and medium patches tended to aggregate with increasing moisture and shade stress. Moss patch size and its distribution pattern are good predictors of the ecological restoration in Karst rocky desertification areas.

Key words: rocky desertification habitat, patch size, spatial distribution pattern, stress gradient hypothesis

党成强, 黄慧敏, 董蓉, 陈淼, 高婷, 陶建平. 重庆中梁山不同石漠化生境中石生南亚毛灰藓斑块的空间分布格局. 植物学报, 2017, 52(5): 598-607.

Chengqiang Dang, Huimin Huang, Rong Dong, Miao Chen, Ting Gao, Jianping Tao. Spatial Distribution Pattern of Epilithic Moss Homomallium simlaense Patches in Rocky Desertification Habitats in Zhongliang Mountain, Chongqing, Southwest China. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2017, 52(5): 598-607.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB16191

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2017/V52/I5/598

图/表 7

表1 3种石漠化生境概况

Table 1 Survey of three types of rocky desertification habitat

Item	Plots
Item	Potential rocky desertification (A)	Slight rocky desertification (B)	Medium rocky desertification (C)
Elevation (m)	552	564	585
Slope (°)	26.3	22.1	31.5
Shade degree	0.55	0.35	0.10
Aspect	South	Southeast	Northeast
Geographical coordinates	29°41′40″N 106°24′47″E	29°41′53″N 106°24′30″E	29°41′57″N 106°24′20″E
Vegetation type	Broadleaved deciduous forest Shrub	Thick growth of grass Shrub	Thick growth of grass Shrub

图1 3种石漠化生境中南亚毛灰藓斑块的数量关系A: 潜在石漠化; B: 轻度石漠化; C: 中度石漠化

Figure 1 The quantitative relation of Homomallium simlaense patches in 3 types of rocky desertification habitat A: Potential rocky desertification; B: Slight rocky desertification; C: Medium rocky desertification

图2 南亚毛灰藓斑块在3种石漠化生境中的空间分布散点图 (A) 潜在石漠化; (B) 轻度石漠化; (C) 中度石漠化+ Small patches ○ Medium patches ▲ Large patches

Figure 2 Scatterplot of spatial distributions of Homomallium simlaense patches in 3 types of rocky desertification habitat(A) Potential rocky desertification; (B) Slight rocky desertification; (C) Medium rocky desertification

图3 南亚毛灰藓斑块在3种石漠化生境中的分布格局(A1)-(A3) 潜在石漠化; (B1)-(B3) 轻度石漠化; (C1), (C2) 中度石漠化

Figure 3 Spatial distribution pattern of Homomallium simlaense patches in 3 types of rocky desertification habitat(A1)-(A3) Potential rocky desertification; (B1)-(B3) Slight rocky desertification; (C1), (C2) Medium rocky desertification

图4 3种石漠化生境中南亚毛灰藓不同斑块的空间关联(A1)-(A3) 潜在石漠化; (B1)-(B3) 轻度石漠化; (C1) 中度石漠化

Figure 4 Spatial associations of different patches of Homomallium simlaense in 3 types of rocky desertification habitat(A1)-(A3) Potential rocky desertification; (B1)-(B3) Slight rocky desertification; (C1) Medium rocky desertification

表2 3种石漠化生境中主成分分析前4轴的统计特征

Table 2 Statistical characteristics of the first 4 axes of the principal component analysis in 3 types of rocky desertification habitat

Plots
Plots		1	2	3	4
Potential rocky desertification (A)	Eigenvalues	0.515	0.329	0.123	0.028
Potential rocky desertification (A)	Cumulative percentage variance of species data	51.5	84.4	96.6	99.4
Slight rocky desertification (B)	Eigenvalues	0.527	0.398	0.057	0.016
Slight rocky desertification (B)	Cumulative percentage variance of species data	52.7	92.5	98.2	99.8
Medium rocky desertification (C)	Eigenvalues	0.461	0.385	0.141	0.011
Medium rocky desertification (C)	Cumulative percentage variance of species data	46.1	84.7	98.7	99.8

图5 3种石漠化生境中南亚毛灰藓不同斑块与环境因子的关系 (A) 潜在石漠化; (B) 轻度石漠化; (C) 中度石漠化。1、2、3……为斑块号。SFS: 石缝数; SJ: 生境(石面、石壁、石沟、石坑和石洞); PD: 坡度: YBD: 郁闭度; XDSD: 相对湿度◇Small patches ●Medium patches △Large patches

Figure 5 Different patches of Homomallium simlaense rela- tionship with environmental factors in 3 types of rocky desertification habitat(A) Potential rocky desertification; (B) Slight rocky desertification; (C) Medium rocky desertification. 1, 2, 3……No. of patches. SFS: Rock fracture; SJ: Microhabitat (stone facing, cliff, stony gully, stone pit, and grotto); PD: Gradient; YBD: Crown density; XDSD: Relative humidity

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