山西太岳山脱皮榆群落的生态梯度分析及环境解释

doi:10.11983/CBB15032

植物学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 40-48.DOI: 10.11983/CBB15032

山西太岳山脱皮榆群落的生态梯度分析及环境解释

段晓梅¹, 白玉芳¹, 张钦弟^1,^*(), 张金屯²

¹山西师范大学生命科学学院, 临汾 041004
²北京师范大学生命科学学院, 北京 100875

收稿日期:2015-02-11 接受日期:2015-09-12 出版日期:2016-01-01 发布日期:2016-02-01
通讯作者: 张钦弟
作者简介:
? 共同第一作者
基金资助:
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(No.31170494)和山西省青年科技研究基金(No.2013021030-3)

Ecological Gradient Analysis and Environmental Interpretation of Ulmus lamellosa Communities in the Taiyueshan Reserve, Shanxi

Xiaomei Duan¹, Yufang Bai¹, Qindi Zhang^1*, Jintun Zhang²

¹College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
²College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received:2015-02-11 Accepted:2015-09-12 Online:2016-01-01 Published:2016-02-01
Contact: Zhang Qindi
About author:
? These authors contributed equally to this paper

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解释山西太岳山脱皮榆(Ulmus lamellosa)群落中物种的分布情况与该群落环境因子之间的相互关系, 采用TWINSPAN数量分类和典范对应分析(CCA)与环境因子的变量分离进行讨论。结果表明, TWINSPAN将60个调查样方划分为7种群丛类型, 体现了该脱皮榆群落主要以乔木脱皮榆和草本披针叶苔草(Carex lanceolata)为优势种。7种群丛类型与CCA排序结果一致, CCA排序第1轴主要体现了坡位和海拔; 坡向与第2排序轴存在显著相关性。Monte Carlo检验结果表明, 影响脱皮榆群落物种分布最主要的环境因子是海拔。在环境分离变量解释方面, 环境因子解释了39.60%, 空间因子解释了7.95%, 空间因子与环境因子交互作用解释部分占10.89%。而其中不能解释的部分占41.56%。在该研究区, 海拔对植物的分布有较好的解释力, 其次是坡位和坡向。

Abstract: Many practices in afforestation and Ulmus lamellosa forest management were implemented for addressing the issues of tree species selection, planting regimes and development of structure. However, little is known about the ecological gradient and its relation with environment. We aimed to determine the factors controlling plant distribution and the importance of topography in determining local-scale spatial patterns of plants. The occurrence and distribution of plants were investigated on 60 plots in the Taiyue Mountain Reserve, Shanxi. Association types were classified by two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and the relationship between the distribution and abundance of species and environmental gradients was analyzed by the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination method. Forward selection and Monte Carlo permutation tests were used to select the factors important in determining the plant distribution. The 60 survey plots were classified into seven groups characterized by the dominant tree species. The results of CCA ordination reflected the relationship between association structure and selected environmental variables. The distribution of 60 plots in CCA ordination was consistent with the results of TWINSPAN. Forward selection and Monte Carlo testing suggested that slope, slope position and elevation were the most important factors determining plant distribution. The effects of environmental factors, spatial factors and their interaction on the total variation of the U. lamellosa community pattern were quantitatively partitioned and showed that the contribution rates were 39.60%, 7.95%, 10.89% for environmental factors, spatial factors and their interaction, respectively, and 41.56% for other undetermined factors. Other unmeasured factors such as human activities and random events could play a role in determining the occurrence and distribution of herbaceous plants on the forest floor. Species coexistence was controlled by both niche differentiation and unified neutral theory of biodiversity.

段晓梅, 白玉芳, 张钦弟, 张金屯. 山西太岳山脱皮榆群落的生态梯度分析及环境解释. 植物学报, 2016, 51(1): 40-48.

Xiaomei Duan, Yufang Bai, Qindi Zhang, Jintun Zhang. Ecological Gradient Analysis and Environmental Interpretation of Ulmus lamellosa Communities in the Taiyueshan Reserve, Shanxi. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2016, 51(1): 40-48.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB15032

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2016/V51/I1/40

图/表 7

图1 石膏山地区60个样方双向指示种分析的分类结果 N表示样方总数。图下方长方形内数字为调查的60个样方的编号。

Figure 1 Two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) classification results of 60 plots in Shigaoshan ReserveN represents the total number of plots. Numbers in the rectangles at the bottom of the figure designate the identification code for each of the 60 plots.

表1 优势种的频度(F)及重要值(IV)

Table 1 Frequency and importance value of the dominant species

No.	Plant species	Frequency (%)	Importance value
1	Ulmus lamellosa	98.33	20.575
2	Carex lanceolata	81.67	11.952
3	Smilacina japonica	86.67	9.448
4	Carpinus cordata	93.33	9.271
5	Lonicera szechuanica	80.00	8.607
6	Acer mono	81.67	6.737
7	Euonymus alatus	76.67	6.343
8	Lonicera elisae	66.67	6.341
9	Allium victorialis	88.33	5.536
10	Sambucus williamsii	56.67	5.513
11	Dioscorea nipponica	46.67	4.812
12	Philadelphus incanus	48.33	3.508
13	Acer ginnala	45.00	2.973
14	Fraxinus chinensis	40.00	2.960
15	Chelidonium majus	48.33	2.943
16	Diarrhena manshurica	35.00	2.900
17	Vitis amurensis	56.67	2.882
18	Quercus wutaishanica	36.67	2.658
19	Populus davidiana	31.67	2.546
20	Duchesnea indica	55.00	2.536
21	Viburnum schensianum	38.33	2.430
22	Cotoneaster multiflorus	45.00	2.394
23	Ribes mandshuricum	41.67	2.250

表2 各排序轴的特征值及对物种-环境关系解释的累计百分比

Table 2 Eigenvalues of the ordination axes and the cumulative percentage variance of species environment relation explained by ordination axes

	Correlations with CCA ordination axes
	Axis 1	Axis 2	Axis 3
Eigenvalue	0.248	0.148	0.097
Percentage explainable of species data	9.5	11.7	13.4
Cumulative proportion of species-environment relationships	59.3	73.0	84.2

表3 典范对应分析(CCA)排序轴与环境因子相关系数及蒙特卡罗检验结果

Table 3 Results by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination axes with environmental factors and Monte Carlo permutation test

Variable	Correlations with CCA ordination axes			Monte Carlo permutation test
Variable	Axis 1	Axis 2	Axis 3	F-value	P-value
ELE (elevation)	-0.9922***	0.0134	0.0010	5.97	0.001***
SLO (slope)	-0.1660	-0.1164	-0.8140***	1.17	0.109
ASP (aspect)	-0.0773	-0.5782**	-0.2660	1.04	0.214
POS (slope position)	0.8030***	0.0921	-0.1809	0.78	0.398
LT (litter layer thickness)	-0.1007	0.8127***	-0.4225*	1.29	0.839

图2 60个样地与环境因子的典范对应分析(CCA)排序图 ASP: 坡向; SLO: 坡度; ELE: 海拔高度; LT: 枯枝落叶层厚度; POS: 坡位

Figure 2 Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination diagram of 60 plots and environmental factorsASP: Aspect; SLO: Slope; ELE: Elevation; LT: Litter layer thickness; POS: Slope position

图3 优势种的CCA二维排序图 1: 脱皮榆; 2: 披针叶苔草; 3: 鹿药; 4: 千金榆; 5: 五台忍冬; 6: 色木槭; 7: 卫矛; 8: 北京忍冬; 9: 茖葱; 10: 接骨木; 11: 穿龙薯蓣; 12: 山梅花; 13: 茶条槭; 14: 白蜡; 15: 白屈菜; 16: 龙常草; 17: 山葡萄; 18: 辽东栎; 19: 山杨; 20: 蛇莓; 21: 陕西荚蒾; 22: 水栒子; 23: 东北茶藨子。ASP、SLO、ELE、LT和POS同图2。

Figure 3 Two-dimensional CCA ordination diagram of the dominant species1: Ulmus lamellosa; 2: Carex lanceolata; 3: Smilacina japonica; 4: Carpinus cordata; 5: Lonicera szechuanica; 6: Acer mono; 7: Euonymus alatus; 8: Lonicera elisae; 9: Allium victorialis; 10: Sambucus williamsii; 11: Dioscorea nipponica; 12: Philadelphus incanus; 13: Acer ginnala; 14: Fraxinus chinensis; 15: Chelidonium majus; 16: Diarrhena manshurica; 17: Vitis amurensis; 18: Quercus wutaishanica; 19: Populus davidiana; 20: Duchesnea indica; 21: Viburnum schensia- num; 22: Cotoneaster multiflorus; 23: Ribes mandshuricum. ASP, SLO, ELE, LT and POS see Figure 2.

表4 脱皮榆植被格局的环境和空间解释

Table 4 The result of environmental and spatial interpretation of Ulmus lamellosa association

The sum of all eigenvalues of a correspondence analysis of the species matrix	13.325
The sum of all canonical eigenvalues of the species matrix constrained by the environmental matrix	3.524
The sum of all canonical eigenvalues of the species matrix constrained by the spatial matrix	1.102
The sum of all canonical eigenvalues of the species matrix constrained by the environmental matrix after removing the effect of spatial matrix	2.322
The sum of all canonical eigenvalues of the species matrix constrained by the spatial matrix after removing the eff- ect of the environmental matrix	0.911
The species matrix explained by non-spatial environmental variation	39.60%
The species matrix explained by spatial variation that is not shared by environmental variation	7.95%
The species matrix explained by spatial structured environmental variation	10.89%
The species matrix unexplained by both spatial and environmental variation	41.56%

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山西太岳山脱皮榆群落的生态梯度分析及环境解释

Ecological Gradient Analysis and Environmental Interpretation of Ulmus lamellosa Communities in the Taiyueshan Reserve, Shanxi

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