植物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5): 613-622.DOI: 10.11983/CBB19236
亓斐1, 邢丕一2, 鲍印广1,2, 王洪刚1,2, 李兴锋1,2,*()
收稿日期:
2019-12-11
接受日期:
2020-03-23
出版日期:
2020-09-01
发布日期:
2020-09-03
通讯作者:
李兴锋
作者简介:
E-mail: lixf@sdau.edu.cn基金资助:
Fei Qi1, Piyi Xing2, Yinguang Bao1,2, Honggang Wang1,2, Xingfeng Li1,2,*()
Received:
2019-12-11
Accepted:
2020-03-23
Online:
2020-09-01
Published:
2020-09-03
Contact:
Xingfeng Li
摘要: 芒是许多禾本科作物穗部的重要结构, 不仅可以作为区分不同品种以及基因定位的重要形态标记, 而且在禾谷类作物的种子传播、籽粒灌浆、蒸腾作用及产量形成等方面起重要作用。该文综述了小麦(Triticum aestivum)、大麦(Hordeum vulgare)和水稻(Oryza sativa)芒的结构、功能与遗传调控机制研究进展, 以期为芒性状遗传机理的进一步研究及其在育种中的应用提供参考。
亓斐, 邢丕一, 鲍印广, 王洪刚, 李兴锋. 禾本科作物芒遗传研究进展. 植物学报, 2020, 55(5): 613-622.
Fei Qi, Piyi Xing, Yinguang Bao, Honggang Wang, Xingfeng Li. Advances in Genetic Studies of the Awn in Cereal Crops. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2020, 55(5): 613-622.
图1 芒的横切面结构 (A) 大麦芒横切面; (B) 普通小麦芒横切面。S: 气孔; V: 维管束; Pa: 薄壁组织; Sc: 厚壁组织
Figure 1 Cross-section of the awn (A) Cross-section of the awn of Hordeum vulgare; (B) Cross-section of the awn of Triticum aestivum. S: Stoma; V: Vascular bundle; Pa: Parenchyma; Sc: Sclerenchyma
图2 不同发育时期芒中叶绿体的结构 (A) 抽穗期; (B) 开花期; (C) 灌浆期; (D) 干物质形成期; (E) 成熟期。Th: 类囊体; G: 叶绿体基粒; Pg: 质体小球; S: 淀粉粒
Figure 2 Chloroplast structure of the awn at different developmental stages (A) Heading stage; (B) Anthesis stage; (C) Filling stage; (D) Dry matter formation stage; (E) Ripening stage. Th: Thylakoid; G: Granum; Pg: Plastoglobuli; S: Starch
基因 | 染色体 | 功能 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|
B1 | 5AL | 分生组织的 维持 | |
B2 | 6BL | 抑制芒伸长 | |
Hd (Wknox1a) | 4AL | 抑制芒伸长 | |
Wknox1b Wknox1d | 4BS 4DS | 茎尖分生组织的形成和维持 |
表1 小麦中已定位的控制芒功能的基因
Table 1 The genes involved in the function of the awn in Triticum aestivum identified by genetic mapping
基因 | 染色体 | 功能 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|
B1 | 5AL | 分生组织的 维持 | |
B2 | 6BL | 抑制芒伸长 | |
Hd (Wknox1a) | 4AL | 抑制芒伸长 | |
Wknox1b Wknox1d | 4BS 4DS | 茎尖分生组织的形成和维持 |
基因 | 染色体 | 功能 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|
AN1 | 4 | 促进细胞分裂和芒原基形成、谷粒伸长及穗粒数减少 | |
AN2 | 4 | 促进细胞分裂素的合成 | |
LABA1 | 4 | 增强芒原基细胞分裂活性及促进芒伸长和芒刺形成 | |
GAD1 | 8 | 促进芒原基细胞分裂和芒形成 | |
GLA | 8 | 促进谷粒伸长 | |
TOB1 | 4 | 促进外稃和内稃形成和生长、分生组织的维持及花器官数量减少 | |
DL | 3 | 分生组织细胞的激活、促进芒形成和伸长及调节花器官的发育 | |
SHO2 | - | 参与TAS3途径中ta-siRNA的合成 | |
SHL2 | 1 | 参与TAS3途径中ta-siRNA的合成 | |
SHO1 | 4 | 参与TAS3途径中ta-siRNA的合成 | |
WAF1 | 7 | 参与TAS3途径中ta-siRNA的合成 | |
OsETT2 | 1 | 外稃生长活化 |
表2 水稻中已定位的控制芒功能的基因
Table 2 The genes involved in the function of the awn in Oryza sativa identified by genetic mapping
基因 | 染色体 | 功能 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|
AN1 | 4 | 促进细胞分裂和芒原基形成、谷粒伸长及穗粒数减少 | |
AN2 | 4 | 促进细胞分裂素的合成 | |
LABA1 | 4 | 增强芒原基细胞分裂活性及促进芒伸长和芒刺形成 | |
GAD1 | 8 | 促进芒原基细胞分裂和芒形成 | |
GLA | 8 | 促进谷粒伸长 | |
TOB1 | 4 | 促进外稃和内稃形成和生长、分生组织的维持及花器官数量减少 | |
DL | 3 | 分生组织细胞的激活、促进芒形成和伸长及调节花器官的发育 | |
SHO2 | - | 参与TAS3途径中ta-siRNA的合成 | |
SHL2 | 1 | 参与TAS3途径中ta-siRNA的合成 | |
SHO1 | 4 | 参与TAS3途径中ta-siRNA的合成 | |
WAF1 | 7 | 参与TAS3途径中ta-siRNA的合成 | |
OsETT2 | 1 | 外稃生长活化 |
基因 | 染色体 | 功能 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|
HvKNOX3 | 4H | 分生组织的维持 | |
Lks2 | 7H | 抑制芒伸长和控制雌蕊形态 | |
SuKD SuKB SuKC SuKE SuKF | 5H 7H 7H 7H 7H | 抑制HvKNOX3的表达 | |
ROUGH AWN1 | 5H | 控制芒倒钩 |
表3 大麦中已定位的控制芒功能的基因
Table 3 The genes involved in the function of the awn in Hordeum vulgare identified by genetic mapping
基因 | 染色体 | 功能 | 参考文献 |
---|---|---|---|
HvKNOX3 | 4H | 分生组织的维持 | |
Lks2 | 7H | 抑制芒伸长和控制雌蕊形态 | |
SuKD SuKB SuKC SuKE SuKF | 5H 7H 7H 7H 7H | 抑制HvKNOX3的表达 | |
ROUGH AWN1 | 5H | 控制芒倒钩 |
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