Al4Root: a Framework to Advance Al-Driven Plant Root Research

doi:10.11983/CBB25192

Abstract

Abstract: With Al for Science (A4Science) emerging as a new paradigm for scientific research, artificial intelligence (AI) is driving a transition toward data-driven and intelligent research in plant science. Roots, as the key organs responsible forwater and nutrient acquisition, environmental sensing, and above-below ground interactions, are decisive for crop productivity and ecosystem functioning. However, due to their hidden growth in soil, structural complexity, and limited observability, our understanding of root structure and function has long lagged behind that of above ground parts. Recent advances in Al have provided new tools and pathways for decoding the "underground black box". Using Al as a key driver to integrate multi-source root and environmental data, advanced algorithms, and the broader knowledge base of root science has emergedas a frontier direction in below ground research. In this context, we systematically review the major applications and emerging trends of Al in root studies, encompassing data acquisition, structural modeling, mechanistic inference, and management decision support. Al-based image analysis enables automated recognition and quantification of root architectures, while modeling and data-fusion approaches reveal the multi-scale and multi-process interactions between roots and soil. Al applications in root phenotyping, architectural simulation, and deciphering root exudate-microbiome interactions are also showing great potential, offering unprecedented tools to advance our understanding of root function. However, the application of Al in root research stil faces several challenges, including the difficulty of acquiring high-quality field data, insufficient integration across experimental scales, and limited capacity to model the complexity of root-soil-environment interactions. Looking ahead, the deep integration of multi-source data, cross-disciplinary algorithmic advancements, and the coordinated development of digital agriculture platforms are expected to propel root science into a new era of intelligent research, offering innovative pathways for crop improvement and the advancement of smart agriculture.

Key words: roots, artificial intelligence, deep learning, smart agriculture, Al4Root

Bo Fang, Shuqin Gao, Shiming Duan, Huimin Ma, Honglong Zhao, Hao Jiang, Yanmin Yang, Long Long, Zuguang He, Yucheng Zhang , Congcong Zheng. Al4Root: a Framework to Advance Al-Driven Plant Root Research[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2026, 61(4): 549-714.

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URL: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/10.11983/CBB25192

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References 0

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