Abstract: Here we discuss the need to strengthen basic research in plant science and the impact of basic research in plant science on agricultural development to better serve the agricultural needs of China. Special emphasis is on promoting international competition, knowledge innovation, technology development and research platforms, as well as classical disciplines such as plant taxonomy. During the past 10 years, we have witnessed significant progress in plant sciences by Chinese scientists. As more talent is returning to China, more governmental support is needed to further strengthen plant science research in China.