Abstract: Abstract Cold acclimation is a biochemical and physiological process that involves improving the cold tolerance of plants and includes cool acclimation and freezing acclimation. The transcription levels of many genes in higher plants are influenced during cold acclimation, and many of these genes have been isolated and identified, revealing a complex regulation network. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the ABA-independent low-temperature signal transduction pathway plays a major role in the cold acclimation process. The CBF/DREB1 transcription factor works as a “master switch” to regulate the expression of cold-responsive genes containing the DRE/CRT cis-element and to help plants develop cold-tolerant abilities. The freezing-tolerant characteristic of crops can be enhanced through genetic engineering, especially by transforming the key transcription factors.