Abstract: Significant progress in molecular mechanisms of disease resistance in plants has been made in the past ten years. This article briefly presents the progress on the cloning of plant disease resistance (R) genes and its structure analysis, cloning of avirulence genes and related pathogenicity elements of pathogens and cloning of elements related signal transduction and interaction of plantpathogen.And the paper further discussed the resistance response mechanism mediated by R genes including R genes encoding toxin protein to prevent the development of pathogens, dominant genes encoding pathogenic target elements and the products expressed by R genes inducing the resistance and the gene-to-gene resistance mechanism etc., which provide interest information for plant resistance breeding.