Abstract: Plasmodesma is a supracellular structure of plant organism. It provides a direct cell-to-cell cytoplasmic pathway for material transport and message transference, and converts the colonies of independent cells into an interconnected symplast system. Many evidences indicated that the plasmodesmata coordinate gene expression and cellular physiological and biochemical processes. So that they play importment roles in plant growth and development, as well as in the response and adaptation of plants to environmental changes. This paper summarizes the recent progress in studies on the plasmodesmatal diversity, the regulation of plasmodesmal SEL, the plasmodesmal macromolecule trafficking and the symplasmic domains in relation to plant morphogenesis and dormancy, etc.