Abstract: In this review, the basic pathway of fatty acid metabolism in plant seeds was introduced, and the recent developments in genetic manipulation and gene engineering of plant fatty acid metabolism were also summarized in detail. The composition of fatty acid in plant seeds can be changed artificially through genetic manipulation. Meanwhile, this review clarified that making use of gene engineering to manipulate fatty acid metabolism in plant seeds has already created a new research area in resent years, which possesses great potentialities, and would play immense effects in people's life.