Abstract: Callus originated from plumular axis, cotyledon and root of Arnebia euchroma. The frequency of shoot differentiation was different depending on the Sources of explants. Most shoots were produced from callus of plumular axis and grew best. The root callus only differentiated roots. The karyotype of Arnebia euchroma was K (2n) = 14 =2m+8sm+2sm (SAT) +2st. With increasing generation of subculture, the ability of differentiation was reduced; either the kind and frequency of chromosomal variation or the chromosome number were increased distinctly. After subculturing for a long time, the range of variation of chromsome number was much wider and the variation in chromosome structure was produced.