Research Progress of Mobile Signal Pip/NHP in Systemic Acquired Resistance

doi:10.11983/CBB22016

Abstract

Abstract: Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a long-lasting broad-spectrum resistance at the whole plant level activated by the primary infection of pathogenic microorganisms at local leaves. The signals generated rapidly at the initial infection site can be transmitted to other parts of the plant through the phloem to activate SAR. Pipecolic acid (Pip) and N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (NHP), as newly discovered mobile signal molecules, play important roles in SAR signaling pathway. Here, we mainly review the latest research progress in the synthesis, transportation of Pip/NHP and their regulation of SAR.

Key words: systemic acquired resistance, mobile signal, Pipecolic acid, N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid

Wu Nan, Qin Lei, Peng Zhihong, Xia Shitou. Research Progress of Mobile Signal Pip/NHP in Systemic Acquired Resistance[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2022, 57(4): 412-421.

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URL: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/10.11983/CBB22016

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/Y2022/V57/I4/412

Figures/Tables 1

Figure 1 Biosynthetic pathway of pipecolic acid (Pip)/N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (NHP) and its regulation in systemic acquired resistance (SAR) Figure shows a schematic diagram of regulatory network in the process of pathogen induced SAR establishment. NHP and SA jointly drives the main SAR induction pathway. While SA is synthesized from chorismic acid (CA) by ICS1, EDS5 and PBS3, Pip is synthesized from Lys by ALD1 and SARD4, and then NHP is further synthesized by FMO1. Pip/NHP can be transported to distal leaves through phloem, while SA can be transferred to distal leaves in the form of MeSA. Therefore, the level of NHP in leaf tissue of the system begins to rise, which starts the NPR1 dependent transcriptional SAR response, and the increase of NHP level takes priority with SA, which means, NHP can also activate the SAR response by indirectly upregulating SA. In addition, NHP/SA induced transcriptional response converts SA and NHP into SA-O-b-glucoside (SAG) and NHP-N-O-glucoside (NHPG) by increasing the activities of UGT76B1 and other catabolic enzymes, thereby reducing the levels of SAR active metabolites NHP and SA and reducing or terminating SAR response at the system level. Brown route represents SA pathway; Blue route represents Pip/NHP pathway; T-shaped arrow indicates inhibition; Brown and blue dotted lines indicate long-distance transportation; Red dotted line indicates the induction of pathogen.

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