Sequence Divergence and Expression Specificity of the Starch Synthase Gene Family in Oryza officinalis Leaf

doi:10.11983/CBB14147

Abstract

Abstract: Starch is produced by most green plants as an energy store and is also a major carbohydrate source in human diet. There are two stages of starch synthesis in most plants. In the first stage, transient starch is produced during photosynthesis, and in the second, the nutrition accumulation stage, starch is deposited for storage purposes. Although the first stage of starch synthesis plays a critical role in carbohydrate metabolism, starch biosynthesis in photosynthetic organs has received less attention. To detect the evolutionary patterns associated with starch synthase, the enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of starch, in plant photosynthetic organs, we used leaf transcriptome resequencing to investigate the genotype and expression divergence of the gene family in Oryza officinalis. Eight complete starch synthase genes were identified, and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the genes were SSI, SSII, SIII, SSIV, SSV, and GSBBII. Comparison of sequences and expression quantities showed that the evolutionary patterns of the starch synthase family in O. officinalis were highly consistent with those of cultivated rice. The homologous sequence identities between the two species were 95% to 98% at the mRNA level. Further statistical tests based on the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions indicated that all eight genes were under significant purifying selection. In addition, three genes specifically expressed in the endosperm of cultivated rice were not found in the leaf transcriptome of O. officinalis. However, four genes with predominant expression in the leaves of cultivated rice showed relatively higher expression in the O. officinalis leaf transcriptome.

Ying Bao*, Jiaxiao Du, Xiang Jing, Si Xu. Sequence Divergence and Expression Specificity of the Starch Synthase Gene Family in Oryza officinalis Leaf[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2015, 50(6): 683-690.

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URL: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/10.11983/CBB14147

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References 29

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Gene	SSI	SSII1	SSII2	SSII3	SSIII1	SSIII2	SSIV1	SSIV2	SSV	GBSSI	GBSSII
Mapped reads	1 216	419	3 035	82	3 365	280	20	249	252	31	9 779
Gene length (bp)	1 883	2 256	2 073	-	3 663	4 653	-	2 754	2 115	-	1 827

Gene	SSI	SSII1	SSII2	SSII3	SSIII1	SSIII2	SSIV1	SSIV2	SSV	GBSSI	GBSSII
Mapped reads	1 216	419	3 035	82	3 365	280	20	249	252	31	9 779
Gene length (bp)	1 883	2 256	2 073	-	3 663	4 653	-	2 754	2 115	-	1 827

Gene	SSI	SSII1	SSII2	SSIII1	SSIII2	SSIV2	SSV	GBSSII
mRNA identities	96.4%	95.2%	95.5%	97.1%	96.4%	95.4%	95.2%	98.1%
Amino acid identities	96.9%	94.5%	93.1%	96.3%	94.1%	94.7%	93.6%	97.0%

Gene	SSI	SSII1	SSII2	SSIII1	SSIII2	SSIV2	SSV	GBSSII
mRNA identities	96.4%	95.2%	95.5%	97.1%	96.4%	95.4%	95.2%	98.1%
Amino acid identities	96.9%	94.5%	93.1%	96.3%	94.1%	94.7%	93.6%	97.0%

	SSI	SSII1	SSII2	SSIII1	SSIII2	SSIV2	SSV
SSII1	41.3%	-	-	-	-	-	-
SSII2	41.8%	58.1%	-	-	-	-	-
SSIII1	28.7%	23.6%	25.6%	-	-	-	-
SSIII2	28.1%	23.4%	26.0%	61.9%	-	-	-
SSIV2	28.0%	24.2%	27.6%	28.9%	29.8%	-	-
SSV	20.4%	18.8%	20.6%	24.1%	24.3%	27.7%	-
GBSSII	31.6%	34.4%	33.5%	26.9%	27.1%	28.6%	17.8%