铁硫[Fe-S]簇作为铁硫蛋白的辅助因子广泛地参与到多种生物学过程中, 如光合作用、呼吸作用、电子传递以及参与合成一些必需的维生素和辅因子等。它在细胞内的生物合成受到一系列蛋白的催化和调控, 并被区隔在不同的亚细胞结构中。线粒体作为细胞能量代谢的主要场所, 许多关键代谢酶是铁硫蛋白, 需要线粒体铁硫簇组装系统ISC (iron-sulfur cluster)提供铁硫簇。目前, 得益于细菌和酵母中的相关研究成果, 植物线粒体ISC系统中的重要催化和调控蛋白的鉴定与功能分析, 以及铁硫簇在植物生长发育中功能的研究也取得了长足的进步。对铁硫簇合成系统中植物特有组分的发掘与鉴定, 以及铁硫簇合成系统如何响应环境胁迫也日益引起人们的重视。该文对植物铁硫簇合成机制特别是线粒体ISC合成系统的研究进展进行总结, 同时对ISC合成系统的重要基因在植物生长发育和在非生物胁迫响应中的作用进行了简要综述。

Iron-sulfur [Fe-S] clusters, acting as co-factors for iron-sulfur proteins, are ubiquitously implicated in a diverse array of biological processes, such as photosynthesis, respiration, electron transport, and the biosynthesis of essential vitamins and co-factors. Their intracellular biogenesis is modulated by a suite of proteins that catalyze and regulate the process, with compartmentalization occurring within discrete subcellular compartments. Mitochondria, as the central organelles for cellular energy metabolism, harbor numerous key metabolic enzymes that are iron-sulfur proteins, necessitating the provision of Iron-sulfur clusters by the mitochondrial assembly machinery, ISC (Iron-sulfur cluster). Advancements in research, particularly from bacteria and yeast systems, have facilitated significant strides in the identification and functional characterization of pivotal catalytic and regulatory proteins within the plant mitochondrial ISC system. Additionally, research into the role of Iron-sulfur clusters in the growth and development of plants has made considerable progress. The elucidation of plant-specific components within the Iron-sulfur cluster synthesis machinery and the mechanisms by which this system responds to environmental stress are areas of growing interest. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the current state of research on the mechanism of Iron-sulfur cluster synthesis in plants, with a particular focus on the mitochondrial ISC assembly system. It also offers a succinct synopsis of the role of key genes within the ISC system in plant growth and development, as well as their involvement in the response to abiotic stressors.