红皮云杉林(Picea koraiensis Forest Alliance)是以红皮云杉为群落共优势种的森林植被类型, 具有结构复杂及物种多样性高等特点。在遵从《中国植被志》研编规范的基础上, 提出了红皮云杉林新的分类系统, 包括5个群丛组8个群丛, 分别归属于常绿针叶林、落叶与常绿针叶混交林和针叶与阔叶混交林3个植被型。群丛组分类主要基于群落层片分化, 以及乔木层的共优势种和特征种的差异, 并以常绿针叶树层片重要值的66%为阈值划分常绿针叶林和针叶与阔叶混交林。在群丛分类中, 通过双向指示种分析筛选特征种, 综合考虑群落生境和群落演替阶段等因素确定分类方案。该分类方案是《中国植被志》研编规范的一个应用示例, 对植被分类工作的借鉴意义表现在4个方面。(1) 作为植被分类的重要凭证, 样方数据质量控制是植被分类工作的重要环节; 其中, 物种的准确鉴定对确保植被分类方案的合理性至关重要。(2) 对于乔木层物种组成丰富、优势种不明显的群落, 群落层片分化和特征种是植被类型划分的重要依据。(3) 以特定物种组合为共建种所组成的多个植被类型可归属为不同的植被型。(4) 森林采伐等人类活动可能对植被与环境的关系形成干扰。因此, 在植被分类中应考虑群落的干扰历史和演替阶段等因素。

Picea koraiensis Forest Alliance is a forest vegetation type with P. koraiensis as one of the co-dominant species, and is characterized by complex structure and high species diversity. Based on principles for the compilation of Vegegraphy of China, a new vegetation classification scheme of Picea koraiensis Forest Alliance was proposed in this study, including 5 association groups and 8 associations which belong to three Vegetation Formations, i.e., Evergreen Needleleaf Forest, Mixed Deciduous and Evergreen Needleleaf Forest, and Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest. The classification of an association group was based on the characteristics of the community stratums and layers, and a group of diagnostic species. Specifically, 66% of importance value for evergreen needleleaf tree layer was used as a threshold for identifying Evergreen Needleleaf Forest and Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest. Two-way indicator species analysis was used to identify associations with special consideration to community habitat, successional stage etc. This classification scheme would work as an application example of the principles for the compilation of Vegegraphy of China, and its significances on vegetation classification are as follows. (1) As credentials of vegetation classification, plots must be undergone a strict quality control process before data analysis, which especially holds true for the soundness of species identification; (2) Differences in community stratums and layers, as well as diagnostic species are strongly suggested as the major criterions for the classification of vegetation types for those with complex community structure, high-level species richness but no obvious dominant species; (3) Vegetation types that constructed by special species, i.e., a single Alliance, can belong to different Vegetation Formations; (4) Anthropogenic activities such as deforestation may interfere the relationship between vegetation and environment, thus, disturbances and successional stage of communities should be taken into account in vegetation classification.