应用荧光显微镜和常规石蜡切片观察侧金盏花(Adonis amurensis)花粉管生长和受精作用的全过程。结果表明, 侧金盏花为湿型柱头, 授粉后1-2小时, 花粉粒与柱头识别; 授粉后2-4小时, 花粉粒萌发; 授粉后4-6小时, 花粉管进入柱头。侧金盏花的受精模式为珠孔受精, 授粉后10小时, 精子被释放; 授粉后30小时, 精核与卵核融合; 授粉后7天合子形成; 授粉后15天合子进入分裂期, 合子休眠期为8天。2个极核在受精前不融合, 授粉后14-16小时, 精核与1个极核融合; 授粉后20-22小时, 受精极核与另1个极核融合形成初生胚乳核。双受精作用属于有丝分裂前配子融合型。通过实验确定了侧金盏花受精过程的雌雄性细胞融合形态变化与相应经历的时间及其合子休眠期。研究结果丰富了侧金盏花胚胎学资料, 对其今后的育种及转基因研究具有重要意义。

The pollen tube growth and duration of double fertilization in Adonis amurensis were studied by paraffin section and fluorescence microscopy observation. A. amurensis has a wet column cap. At 1-2 h after pollination, the pollen grain is recognized by the stigma; at 2-4 h after pollination, the pollen grain begins germination; at 4-6 h after pollination, the pollen tube enters into the stigma. A. amurensis is porogamous. About 10 h after pollination, the sperm is released; about 30 h after pollination the egg nucleus and sperm nucleus begin fusing; at 7 d after pollination, a sperm fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote; dormant stage of the zygote is about 8 days long and at 15 d after pollination, the first mitotic division of zygote takes place. The two polar nuclei are not fused before fertilization. At 14-16 h after pollination, the sperm nucleus fuses with a polar nucleus; at 20-22 h after pollination, the sperm nucleus fuses with another polar nucleus and forms a primary endosperm nucleus. The type of double fertilization is premitotic syngamy. This study provides an understanding for the morphological change and corresponding timing of male and female cells in A. amurensis fertilization, confirms the duration of zygote dormancy, and enriches the knowledge of A. amurensis embryological information, which has great significance for A. amurensis breeding and genetic modification.