摘要 根毛是植物根系的重要组成部分，也是植物吸收养分和适应环境的关键结构。根毛的发育受多种遗传因子、植物激素和环境因素的调控。水稻是世界主要粮食作物之一，水稻根毛的发育影响水分和养分的吸收，最终影响水稻产量。近期水稻根毛发育研究有一定的突破，但尚未系统梳理。本文主要从转录因子调控途径、细胞壁生物发生相关基因调控途径、植物激素调控途径和环境因素调控途径四个方面回顾水稻中根毛发育的研究进展，旨在通过对水稻根毛发育机制的综合分析、探讨关键信号通路和基因在根毛细胞伸长过程中的作用，为优化水稻根系构型、增产抗逆提供理论依据。

Root hair is a crucial component of plant root system and a key structure for nutrient absorption and environmental adaptation. The development of root hair is regulated by multiple genetic factors, plant hormones, and environmental factors. Rice is one of the main food crops for the world. The development of rice root hair affects the absorption of water and nutrients, ultimately influencing rice yield. Recently, there has been a certain breakthrough in the research on rice root hair development, but a systematic review has not yet been conducted. This article mainly reviews the research progress on rice root hair development from four aspects: the transcription factor regulation pathway, the cell wall biogenesis-related gene regulation pathway, the plant hormone regulation pathway, and the environmental factor regulation pathway. The aim is to comprehensively analyze the mechanism of rice root hair development, explore the roles of key signaling pathways and genes in the elongation process of root hair cell, and provide a theoretical basis for optimizing rice root architecture, increasing yield, and enhancing stress resistance.