由于大部分竹类植物开花周期长、花期难以预测且结实率低, 导致竹子育种一直是竹类植物相关研究中的难题。多倍体育种作为植物育种的一种常用手段, 能够通过人工诱导获得具有优良性状的后代。在竹子育种中, 有关多倍体育种的研究较少。研究在已有马来甜龙竹(Dendrocalamus asper)再生体系的基础上, 分别使用液体悬浮法和固体培养基混培法对马来甜龙竹胚性愈伤组织进行秋水仙素处理。结果表明, 对于愈伤组织分化率和褐化率, 使用液体悬浮法在50 mg∙L^–1秋水仙素下处理愈伤组织48–72小时最佳。实验共得到再生植株54株, 其中对照组7株, 使用流式细胞仪检测所有再生植株, 成功得到染色体加倍植株16株。在染色体加倍率方面, 采用100 mg∙L^–1秋水仙素处理48小时产生的染色体加倍植株数量最多, 染色体加倍率达54.54%。与六倍体相比, 十二倍体植株的叶片更大、更厚, 下表皮气孔更大, 暗示其在抗逆生理方面具有一定的优越性。研究提供了基于竹子离体再生体系的高效率多倍体育种技术, 为培育竹类多倍体新种质提供了新方法。

Due to the long flowering cycle, unpredictable flowering period and low seed setting rate of most bamboo plants, bamboo breeding has always been a difficult problem in the research of bamboo plants. Polyploid breeding, as a common means of plant breeding, is able to obtain progeny with excellent traits through artificial induction. In bamboo breeding, there are fewer studies on polyploid breeding. In this study, based on the existing regeneration system of Dendrocalamus asper, the embryonic callus of D.  asper were treated with colchicine using the liquid suspension method and the solid medium mixed culture method, respectively. The results showed that, based on the differentiation and browning rates of the callus, the better results were obtained by treating the callus with 50 mg∙L^–1 colchicine for 48–72 hours using the liquid suspension method. A total of 54 regenerated plants were obtained in the experiment, including 7 control plants, and 16 chromosome doubled plants were successfully obtained from D. asper using flow cytometry to test all the regenerated plants. In terms of chromosomal doubling, treatment with 100 mg∙L^–1 colchicine for 48 h produced the highest number of chromosome-doubled plants with a polyploidy rate of 54.54%. The 12-ploid plants presented larger and thicker leaves, larger lower epidermal stomata, and other traits, implying their superiority in stress tolerance physiology. This study provides an efficient polyploid breeding technique based on the in vitro indirect regeneration system of bamboo, and offers a new solution for breeding new polyploid germplasm of bamboo.