植物次生代谢产物生物合成基因簇研究进展

doi:10.11983/CBB22232

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植物产生的次生代谢产物为人类提供了丰富的药物、香料和工业原料。随着分子生物学和基因组学研究的快速发展, 目前已解析了多种植物的次生代谢产物生物合成基因簇(BGCs)。这为我们快速获取目标产物的生物合成通路和发掘新颖的天然产物开辟了新路径。该文重点围绕植物次生代谢产物生物合成基因簇的定义和特点、基本结构模型与演化以及调控机制等进行综述, 以期为相关研究提供理论依据和借鉴。

关键词: 次生代谢产物, 生物合成基因簇, 基因簇调控, 基因簇特征

Abstract: The secondary metabolites produced by plants provide human beings with a wealth of pharmaceutical, perfume and industrial raw materials. With the rapid development of molecular biology and genomics research, the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of secondary metabolites of various plants have been analyzed, which opens a new path for us to quickly obtain the biosynthetic pathways of target products and discover novel natural products. This paper focuses on the definition and characteristics of plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters, and its basic structural models, evolution and regulatory mechanisms, in order to provide theoretical basis and reference for related research.

Key words: secondary metabolites, biosynthetic gene cluster, BGCs regulation, BGCs characteristics

朱璐, 袁冲, 刘义飞. 植物次生代谢产物生物合成基因簇研究进展. 植物学报, 2024, 59(1): 134-143.

Lu Zhu, Chong Yuan, Yifei Liu. Research Progress on Plant Secondary Metabolite Biosyn-thetic Gene Clusters. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2024, 59(1): 134-143.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB22232

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2024/V59/I1/134

图/表 4

图1 近年来植物次生代谢物生物合成基因簇研究的文章数量

Figure 1 Number of published articles on plant secondary metabolic biosynthetic gene clusters in recent years

图2 植物生物合成基因簇起源的3种可能方式(改自Nützmann et al., 2016)

Figure 2 Three possible scenarios for the origin of biosynthetic gene clusters in plants (modified from Nützmann et al., 2016)

图3 植物次生代谢物生物合成基因簇的4种结构模型(改自Nützmann et al., 2016) *信号基因

Figure 3 Four basic structural models of plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters (modified from Nützmann et al., 2016) *Signature genes

图4 3种典型植物中生氰糖苷生物合成基因簇(改自Takos et al., 2011) 图中箭头代表基因的方向, 方框表示已确认的生氰糖苷生物合成基因, 其中CYP79基因标记为红色方框, CYP71和CYP736基因分别标记为橙色和绿色方框, UGT85基因为蓝色方框。百脉根染色体下方为与CYP736A2相似的3个假基因, 高粱染色体下方显示的为假基因CYP71。Rho基因座位于CM0241等位基因的2 cM范围内。其余基因的编号和注释如下: (1) 顺式还原酮加双氧酶; (2) 核酸结合, OB折叠; (3), (4) 假设蛋白; (5) 核糖核酸酶H; (6) 短链脱氢/还原酶; (7), (8) 假定转座酶; (9) 富亮氨酸重复受体样蛋白激酶; (10), (11) α/β-折叠水解酶; (12) 假设蛋白; (13)-(15) 假定羟腈裂解酶; (16) 假设蛋白。

Figure 4 Genomic clustering of cyanogenic glucoside biosynthetic genes in three typical plants (modified from Takos et al., 2011) Functional genes are presented by arrows indicating their orientation. Confirmed genes in cyanogenic glycoside biosynthesis are labelled above each bar, with CYP79 genes in red, CYP71 genes in orange, CYP736 genes in green, and UGT85 genes in blue. The three CYP736A2-like pseudo-genes are indicated below the Lotus corniculatus bar, as is the additional CYP71 in Sorghum bicolor. The Rho locus is within 2 cM of the CM0241 contig. The remaining genes are numbered and annotated as follows: (1) Acireductone dioxygenase; (2) Nucleic acid binding, OB-fold; (3), (4) Hypothetical proteins; (5) Ribonuclease H; (6) Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase; (7), (8) Putative transposases; (9) Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase; (10), (11) α/β-fold hydrolases; (12) Hypothetical protein; (13)-(15) Putative hydroxynitrile lyases; (16) Hypothetical protein.

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