铁木属(桦木科)花序及花的形态发生

doi:10.11983/CBB14180

植物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (6): 675-682.DOI: 10.11983/CBB14180

• 研究报告 • 下一篇

铁木属(桦木科)花序及花的形态发生

张力凡¹, 周繇¹, 任保青², 梁宇¹, 王雯雯¹, 陈之端³, 朱俊义^1,,A;^*()

¹通化师范学院生命科学学院, 通化 134002
²山西太山植物园, 太原 030025
³中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室, 北京 100093

收稿日期:2014-10-13 接受日期:2014-12-28 出版日期:2015-11-01 发布日期:2015-09-06
通讯作者: 朱俊义
作者简介:
? 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(No.31170180, No.31270268)和国家重大科学研究计划(No.2014CB954100)

Morphogenesis of Inflorescence and Flower in Ostrya (Betulaceae)

Lifan Zhang¹, You Zhou¹, Baoqing Ren², Yu Liang¹, Wenwen Wang¹, Zhiduan Chen³, Junyi Zhu^1*

¹School of Life Sciences, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, China
²Shanxi Taishan Botanical Garden, Taiyuan 030025, China
³State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China

Received:2014-10-13 Accepted:2014-12-28 Online:2015-11-01 Published:2015-09-06
Contact: Zhu Junyi
About author:
? These authors contributed equally to this paper

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在扫描电镜下观察了桦木科(Betulaceae)铁木属花序和花的形态发生过程。结果显示, 铁木雌花序由多个小聚伞花序螺旋状排列组成。每个小花序原基分化出1枚初级苞片和一团小花序原基分生组织, 由小花序原基分生组织分化形成1对次级苞片和2个花原基, 每个花原基分化出2个或3个心皮原基, 形成二心皮或三心皮雌蕊, 雌蕊基部有1层环状花被原基。雄花序为柔荑状, 由多个小聚伞花序螺旋状排列组成。每个小花序原基分化出1枚初级苞片和一团小花序原基分生组织, 由小花序原基分生组织分化出3个花原基分区, 位于中央的花原基分区, 分化形成5-6枚雄蕊原基, 两侧的花原基分区, 分别分化形成3-4枚雄蕊原基, 雄蕊原基分化形成四药囊雄蕊。雄蕊原基纵裂, 但花丝纵裂没有达到基部。

Abstract: The morphogenesis of inflorescence and flowers of Ostrya was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The female inflorescence of Ostrya japonica is composed of multiple cymules arranged in a spiral configuration. Each cymule primordium differentiates one primary bract and one cluster of cymule primordium meristem. One secondary bract and two flowers were differentiated from each cymule meristem. Each flower primordium differentiated into two or three carpels, forming a bicarpellary or tricarpellary pistil. Each flower has one layer perianth at the base of the pistil. The male inflorescences were catkin-like, composed of multiple cymules arranged in a spiral configuration. Each cymule primordium differentiated into one primary bract and one cluster of cymule primordium meristem. Three flower partitions differentiated from each cymule primordium. The central partition was differentiated into five or six stamens, and each side partition differentiated into three to four stamens. In the process of the stamen differentiating into four anther sacs, the young stamen began a longitudinal fissure, but the filament was not divided into the base.

张力凡, 周繇, 任保青, 梁宇, 王雯雯, 陈之端, 朱俊义. 铁木属(桦木科)花序及花的形态发生. 植物学报, 2015, 50(6): 675-682.

Lifan Zhang, You Zhou, Baoqing Ren, Yu Liang, Wenwen Wang, Zhiduan Chen, Junyi Zhu. Morphogenesis of Inflorescence and Flower in Ostrya (Betulaceae). Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2015, 50(6): 675-682.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB14180

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2015/V50/I6/675

图/表 4

表1 桦木科雌性花序及花器官的属间比较

Table 1 A comparison of female flower and cymule among genera in Betulaceae

	Alnus	Betula	Corylus	Ostryopsis	Carpinus	Ostrya
No. of primary bract	1	1	1	1	1	1
No. of secondary bract	2 (laminar)	2 (laminar)	2 (leaf-shaped)	2 (leaf-shaped)	2 (leaf-shaped)	2 (leaf-shaped)
No. of tertiary bract	2	0	0	0	0	0
No. of female flower primordium	2	3	2	2	2	2
No. of carpel	2	2	2	2	2 or 3	2 or 3
No. of tepal of female flower	0	2 (undeveloped)	1 (circular)	1 (circular)	1 (circular)	1 (circular)

表2 桦木科雄性花序及花器官的属间比较

Table 2 A comparison of male flower and cymule among genera in Betulaceae

	Alnus	Betula	Corylus	Ostryopsis	Carpinus	Ostrya
No. of primary bract	1	1	1	1	1	1
No. of secondary bract	2	2	2	0	0	0
No. of tertiary bract	2	0	0	0	0	0
No. of male flower primordium	3	3	3 MP zones	3 MP zones	3 MP zones	3 MP zones
No. of stamen primordium (each flower)	4	2	4 (2 in lateral side, 2 in the center)	4 (2 in lateral side, 2 in the center)	8 (4 in lateral side, 4 in the center)	12 (6 in lateral side, 6 in the center)
No. of stamen primordium (each cymule)	12	6	4	4	8	12
No. of tepal of male flower	4	4	0	0	0	0
Filament	Shallow split	Shallow split	Split to the base and seperate	Shallow split	Shallow split	Shallow split

图1 铁木雌性花器官发育过程雌花序原基及分化的呈螺旋排列的小花序原基; (B)-(E) 雌花序发育过程; (F) 小花序原基分生组织; (G)-(M) 小花序原基分生组织形成2朵小花的过程, 其中, 次级苞片和花原基逐渐形成; (N)-(P) 2朵小花分化形成, 其中, 每个花原基分化出2个或3个心皮; (Q)-(T) 由心皮原基形成雌蕊过程; (U)-(X) 发育成熟的二心皮或三心皮雌蕊; (Y)-(A1) 发育成熟的雌蕊柱头表皮细胞形成乳突。PB: 初级苞片和初级苞片原基; S: 花柱; CP: 小花序原基; CPM: 小花序原基分生组织; FP: 花原基; IP: 花序原基; Pe: 被片和被片原基; cap: 心皮原基; bp: 二心皮雌蕊; tp: 三心皮雌蕊; SB: 次级苞片和次级苞片原基。(A), (D), (U), (W), (Y) Bar=200 μm; (B), (C), (Z), (A1) Bar=500 μm; (E), (V) Bar=300 μm; (F), (G), (J) Bar=50 μm; (H), (I), (K)-(T), (X) Bar=100 μm

Figure 1 Morphogenesis of female reproductive organs in Ostrya japonica. Female inflorescence and cymuleprimordia arranged in a spiral configuration; (B)-(E) The growth process of female inflorescence; (F) Cymuleprimordium meristem; (G)-(M) The forming progress of cymuleprimordium meristem differentiated into two flowers; the secondary bract and flower primordia formed gradually; (N)-(P) Two flowers were differentiated, two or three carpels differentiated from each flower primordium; (Q)-(T) Pistil differentiated from carpel primordium; (U)-(X) Mature bicarpellary pistil or tricarpellary pistil; (Y)-(A1) Papillae formed on stigma epidermal cells of mature pistil. PB: Primary bract and primary bract primordium; S: Style; CP: Cymuleprimordium; CPM: Cymuleprimordium meristem; FP: Flower primordium; IP: Inflorescence primordium; Pe: Perigone and perigoneprimordium; cap: Carpel and carpel primordium; bp: Bicarpellary pistil; tp: Tricarpellary pistil; SB: Secondary bract and secondary bract primordium. (A), (D), (U), (W), (Y) Bar=200 μm; (B), (C), (Z), (A1) Bar=500 μm; (E), (V) Bar=300 μm; (F), (G), (J) Bar=50 μm; (H), (I), (K)-(T), (X) Bar=100 μm

图2 铁木雄性花器官发育过程雄花序原基及分化的呈螺旋排列的小花序原基; (B) 小花序原基分生组织和初级苞片; (C) 小花序原基分生组织分化出3个花原基分区; (D)-(O) 花原基分区分化出12-14个近球形的雄蕊; (P)-(S) 雄蕊原基开始分化形成雄蕊; (T)-(U) 发育成熟的雄蕊, 花药药囊顶端具大量的纤毛。PB: 初级苞片和初级苞片原基; CP: 小花序原基; CPM: 小花序原基分生组织; IP: 花序原基; FPP: 花原基分区; SP: 雄蕊和雄蕊原基; FS: 四药囊雄蕊; Fi: 花丝。(A)-E), (G)-(S) Bar=100 μm; (F) Bar=50 μm; (T) Bar=200 μm; (U) Bar=500 μm

Figure 2 Morphogenesis of male reproductive organs in Ostrya japonica .Male inflorescence and cymuleprimordia arranged in a spiral configuration; (B) Cymuleprimordium meristem and primary bract; (C) Three primordium partitions differentiated from the cymuleprimordium meristem; (D)-(O) 12-14 nearly spherical stamens differentiated from primordium partitions; (P)-(S) Stamen primordia differentiated into stamens; (T)-(U) Mature stamen with a large number of cilia on the top of anther sac. PB: Primary bract and primary bract primordium; CP: Cymuleprimordium; CPM: Cymuleprimordium meristem; IP: Inflorescence primordium; FPP: Flower primordium partitions; SP: Stamen and stamen primordium; FS: Four-sacs stamen; Fi: Filament. (A)-E), (G)-(S) Bar=100 μm; (F) Bar=50 μm; (T) Bar=200 μm; (U) Bar=500 μm

参考文献 21

[1]	陈之端 (1994a). 桦木科植物的系统发育和地理分布. 植物分类学报 32, 1-31.
[2]	陈之端 (1994b). 桦木科植物的系统发育和地理分布(续). 植物分类学报 32, 101-153.
[3]	陈之端, 邢树平, 梁汉兴, 路安民 (2001). 鹅耳枥和虎榛子(桦木科)雌性生殖器官的形态发生. 植物学报 43, 1110-1114.
[4]	崔永坤, 徐启江, 孙永华, 孟征 (2011). 基部被子植物雪香兰(金粟兰科)单性花的形态发生和发育. 植物学报 46, 489-497.
[5]	张力凡, 朱俊义, 沈鹏, 任保青, 梁宇 (2013). 平欧榛子花序及花器官发育. 通化师范学院学报(自然科学) 34(6), 61-63.
[6]	朱俊义, 陆静梅 (2008). 桤木属花序和花的形态发生. 植物分类学报 46, 641-650.
[7]	朱俊义, 张力凡, 沈鹏, 任保青, 梁宇, 陈之端 (2014a). 榛属(桦木科)花序及花的形态发生. 植物分类与资源学报 36, 433-442.
[8]	朱俊义, 张力凡, 沈鹏, 任保青, 梁宇, 陈之端 (2014b). 千金榆花序及花器官发育. 植物研究 34, 170-176.
[9]	朱俊义, 张力凡, 沈鹏, 任保青, 梁宇, 陈之端 (2014c). 桦木科植物花柱适应风媒传粉的特征. 植物学报 49, 524-538.
[10]	Abbe EC (1935). Studies in the phylogeny of the Betulaceae. I. Floral and inflorescence anatomy.Bot Gaz 97, 1-67.
[11]	Abbe EC (1938). Studies in the phylogeny of the Betulaceae. II. Extremes in the range of variation of floral and inflorescence morphology.Bot Gaz 99, 431-469.
[12]	Abbe EC (1974). Flowers and inflorescences of the "Amentiferae".Bot Rev 40, 159-261.
[13]	Chen ZD (1992). Phylogenetic analyses and geographical distribution of Betulaceae. Ph. D. dissertation. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany.
[14]	Chen ZD, Manchester SR, Sun HY (1999). Phylogeny and evolution of the betulaceae as inferred from DNA sequences, morphology, and paleobotany.Am J Bot 86, 1168-1181.
[15]	Endress PK, Stumpf S (1991). The diversity of stamen structures in “Lower” Rosidae (Rosales, Fagales, Proteales, Sapindales).Bot J Linn Soc 107, 217-293.
[16]	Hjelmqvist H (1948). Studies on the floral morphology and phylogeny of the Amentiferae.Bot Not (Suppl.) 2, 1-171.
[17]	Lin RZ, Zeng J, Chen ZD (2010). Organogenesis of reproductive structures in Betulaalnoides (Betulaceae).Int J Plant Sci 171, 586-594.
[18]	Meeuse ADJ (1975a). Floral evolution in the Hamamelididae. I. General assessment of the probable phylogeny and taxonomic position of the group.Acta Bot Neerl 24, 155-164.
[19]	Meeuse ADJ (1975b). Floral evolution in the Hamamelididae. II. Interpretative floral morphology of the Amentiferae.Acta Bot Neerl 24, 165-179.
[20]	Meeuse ADJ (1975c). Floral evolution in the Hamamelididae. III. Hamamelidales and associated groups including Urticales, and final conclusions.Acta Bot Neerl 24, 181-191.
[21]	Stern WL (1973). Development of the amentiferous concept.Brittonia 25, 316-333.

铁木属(桦木科)花序及花的形态发生

Morphogenesis of Inflorescence and Flower in Ostrya (Betulaceae)

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 4

参考文献 21

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价