植物基因选择性剪接: 断舍离合, 达权知变

doi:10.11983/CBB22041

植物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 661-672.DOI: 10.11983/CBB22041

植物基因选择性剪接: 断舍离合, 达权知变

郝雪峰¹^,², 毋张晶², 马甜², 金竹萍²^,^*(), 裴雁曦²^,^*()

¹太原师范学院生物科学与技术学院, 晋中 030619
²山西大学生命科学学院, 特色植物资源研究与利用山西省重点实验室, 太原 030006

收稿日期:2022-03-07 接受日期:2022-05-10 出版日期:2022-09-01 发布日期:2022-09-09
通讯作者: 金竹萍,裴雁曦
作者简介:peiyanxi@sxu.edu.cn
*E-mail: jinzhuping@sxu.edu.cn;
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31972428);国家自然科学基金(32172550);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2020-014);山西省自然科学基金(20210302123091)

Alternative Splicing of Plant Genes: Full of Change, Sail with Wind

Hao Xuefeng¹^,², Wu Zhangjing², Ma Tian², Jin Zhuping²^,^*(), Pei Yanxi²^,^*()

¹College of Biological and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China
²Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

Received:2022-03-07 Accepted:2022-05-10 Online:2022-09-01 Published:2022-09-09
Contact: Jin Zhuping,Pei Yanxi
About author:peiyanxi@sxu.edu.cn
*E-mail: jinzhuping@sxu.edu.cn;

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选择性剪接是基因转录后的mRNA通过不同的剪接方式产生多样性成熟转录本的过程, 是真核生物细胞中一种重要的转录后调控方式。植物基因也常通过这种断舍离合的方式产生一专多能的转录本, 达到调节多种生命活动的目的。相较于动物, 植物中该领域的研究起步较晚, 但近年来也取得了长足的进步。该文综述了植物基因选择性剪接的生物学意义、剪接方式和机制、研究方法以及在生长发育与环境胁迫适应性调节中的作用, 并展望了未来的研究方向。

关键词: 植物, 基因, 选择性剪接, 转录本, 功能

Abstract: Alternative splicing is a process in which the mRNA precursor produces a variety of mature transcripts through different splicing mode. It is an important way in post transcriptional regulation in eukaryotic cells. Plant genes also can produce diverse transcripts via alternative splicing on the same gene, so as to regulate a variety of biological processes. In plants, the research on this field lags behind that in animals, but great progresses have been made in recent years. In this review, we summarized the biological significance, splicing patterns, research methods of the alternative splicing, as well as its roles in the regulation in the growth, development and responses to environmental stresses. Some perspectives and prospects are give for this research field.

Key words: plants, gene, alternative splicing, transcripts, function

郝雪峰, 毋张晶, 马甜, 金竹萍, 裴雁曦. 植物基因选择性剪接: 断舍离合, 达权知变. 植物学报, 2022, 57(5): 661-672.

Hao Xuefeng, Wu Zhangjing, Ma Tian, Jin Zhuping, Pei Yanxi. Alternative Splicing of Plant Genes: Full of Change, Sail with Wind. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2022, 57(5): 661-672.

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图/表 2

图1 前体mRNA组成型剪接过程(改自Laloum et al., 2018) SR: 富含丝氨酸和精氨酸的蛋白; hnRNP: 核不均一核糖核蛋白; snRNA: 核小RNA; snRNP: 小核核糖核蛋白; SAP: 剪接体相关蛋白; G-U-A(Y)nAG: 内含子5?端剪接识别位点-分支位点-3?端剪接识别位点

Figure 1 Constitutive splicing process of precursor mRNA (modified from Laloum et al., 2018) SR: Serine/arginine-rich protein; hnRNP: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein; snRNA: Small nuclear RNA; snRNP: Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein; SAP: Spliceosome-associat- ed proteins; G-U-A(Y)nAG: Intron 5? end splice recognition site-branching site-3? end splice recognition site

图2 基因选择性剪接的模式不同颜色的方框表示不同外显子; 方框之间的黑色直线表示内含子; 红色折线表示内含子剪接部位; 黑色箭头表示启动子控制的转录起始位点。

Figure 2 Patterns of gene alternative splicing The different colored boxes depict different exons; the black lines between the boxes represent introns; the red polylines mark the point of splicing; the black bent arrows indicate the transcriptional starting sites driven by the promoter.

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植物基因选择性剪接: 断舍离合, 达权知变

Alternative Splicing of Plant Genes: Full of Change, Sail with Wind

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