我国植物光信号转导研究进展概述

doi:10.11983/CBB16150

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 光是影响植物的重要环境因子, 可调节植物生长和发育的各个过程, 如种子萌发、形态建成、庇荫反应、开花和衰老等。自20世纪80年代以来, 借助模式植物拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana), 科学家在光调控植物生长与发育研究领域取得了重要进展, 不仅鉴定了一系列光受体和重要蛋白因子, 而且初步建立了光信号转导的调控网络, 这其中包含中国科学家的杰出贡献。该文对近10多年来我国学者在光信号转导领域的主要研究进展进行了概述, 并对该领域发展提出展望。

Abstract: Light is one of the most important environmental factors that affect various processes of plant growth and development, including seed germination, photomorphogenesis, shade avoidance, flowering and senescence. Since the 1980s, by using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, plant biologists have achieved many significant progresses in the area of light regulation of plant growth and development. A series of photoreceptors and protein factors have been identified and the light signaling regulatory networks have been primarily established. Chinese scientists have made significant contributions to this area. In this review, we summarize the major advancements in light signaling transduction by Chinese researchers during the past decade and propose some future directions in this field.

景艳军, 林荣呈. 我国植物光信号转导研究进展概述. 植物学报, 2017, 52(3): 257-270.

Yanjun Jing, Rongcheng Lin. Advances in Light Signaling Transduction Research in China. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2017, 52(3): 257-270.

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链接本文: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/10.11983/CBB16150

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2017/V52/I3/257

图/表 2

图1 光受体(光敏色素、隐花色素和紫外光受体)介导的信号转导机制的工作模型在响应外界光信号的过程中, 光受体通过两条途径调控基因表达。其一是CRY和PHY介导的光抑制COP1对转录调控因子HY5、HFR1、LAF1和CO等的降解。其二是光受体与转录因子PIFs等互作, 直接调控光响应基因的转录。在UV-B光受体UVR8介导的信号途径中, UV-B诱导形成的COP1复合体包含UVR8, 该复合体能促进HY5的稳定性和活性。COP1与光受体能够互作, 但其作用的分子机制可能不同。例如, COP1介导了PHYA和CRY2的光依赖的泛素化及降解, 但并未影响PHYB、CRY1和UVR8的稳定性。尽管CRY1和CRY2都能与SPA1直接互作, 但二者互作机制却不相同。CRY1在COP1-SPA1的互作中起竞争性抑制作用, 而CRY2-SPA1互作则增强了CRY2-COP1的互作。在这两种情况下, COP1的活性都被抑制。箭头代表促进作用, 带有终止符号的线条表示起抑制作用。

Figure 1 Simplified overview of the signal transduction pathway mediated by phytochrome, crypotochrome and UVR8 There are 2 mechanisms of transcriptional regulation by PHY and CRY. These two photoreceptors mediated light inhibition by COP1 degradation of transcription factor HY5, HFR1, LAF1 and CO etc. In addition, PHY and CRY interact with PIFs and/or CIBs which are enriched on the DNA sequence to directly modulate expression of light response genes (LRBs). In UVR8-mediated signal transduction pathway, the COP1 complex induced by UV-B contains UVR8 and promotes light signaling by stabilizing HY5. COP1 interacts with PHY, CRY and UVR8, but the molecular mechanism of these interactions seems to be different. For example, the interactions lead to ubiquitination and degradation of CRY2 and PHYA, but it seems not to affect the stability of PHYB, CRY1 and UVR8. Both CRY1 and CRY2 interact directly with SPA1 in blue light dependent manner, but the molecular outputs may be different. CRY1-SPA1 competitively inhibits COP1-SPA1 interaction, CRY2-SPA1 seems to enhance CRY2-COP1 interaction. In both cases COP1 activity is inhibited. Arrows indicate positive regulation and bars indicate negative regulation.

图2 光受体以及参与光信号转导途径的组分因子目前已经鉴定到在转录、转录后、翻译和翻译后各个调控水平起作用的关键组分, 由它们构成的光信号转导途径与外源环境信号和植物内源激素信号存在互作, 共同调控植物的多个发育过程。

Figure 2 Photoreceptors and potential light signaling intermediates The key regulators have been identified to regulate light-response genes at various levels, including transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational, and posttranslational regulation. The light signaling pathway cross-talks with exogenous environmental signaling and internal phytohormone signaling to shape various developmental responses.

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