Current Research Advances on Glutamate Receptors (GLRs) in Plants

doi:10.11983/CBB15212

Abstract

Abstract: In mammals, ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGLuR) are amino acids (e.g. glutamate and glycine) -gated cation channels, and exhibit molecular functions in the regulation of excitatory neurotransmission as well as in directing neuron growth. Since 1998 twenty genes homologous to iGLuR have been identified in Arabidopsis genome (termed AtGLRs), with reported functions involved in many biological processes including light signaling, root-tip meristematic cell activity, pollen tube growth, cytosolic calcium ion flux and response to varied biotic and abiotic stresses. This paper comprehensively summarizes research achievements or advances in terms of plant glutamate receptors and amino acid (e.g. glutamate) signaling in the past more than ten years, with major issues focusing on e.g. the protein structure of GLRs, a relationship between activation of ion channels and their ligands, their gene expression patterns as well as possible biological roles in plants, thus hopefully providing valuable information for researchers related to this field.

Mingjie He, Yichen Sun, Xiaoyuan Cheng, Dongxue Shi, Diqin Li, Yiyin Chen, Yongkun Feng, Lu Liu, Tengfei Fan, Chao Yang, Fengqiu Cao, Laihua Liu. Current Research Advances on Glutamate Receptors (GLRs) in Plants[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2016, 51(6): 827-840.

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URL: https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/10.11983/CBB15212

https://www.chinbullbotany.com/EN/Y2016/V51/I6/827

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References 55

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基因名称及登录号	家族	苗龄	表达位点			参考文献
基因名称及登录号	家族	苗龄	器官水平	组织水平	亚细胞水平	参考文献
AtGLR1.1 At3g04110	I	1周	根、茎、叶	根部皮层, 托叶着生部	NR	Chiu et al., 2002; Roy et al., 2008
		4周	根、茎、叶	全展叶叶沿; 根系除根尖外各组织	NR
		8周	主要是根、叶; 花、角果中很微弱	花、角果中检测不到GUS信号	NR
AtGLR1.2 At5g48400		4周后	根、茎、叶、花、角果; 主要是根与角果	花粉管	NR
AtGLR1.3 At5g48410		4周	根、茎、叶, 叶中很微弱	NR	NR
AtGLR1.3 At5g48410		8周	叶和花中微弱; 主要是根与角果	NR	NR
AtGLR1.4 At3g07520		4周后	根、茎、叶、花、角果	NR	NR
AtGLR2.1 At5g27100	II	1周后	根、茎、叶、叶柄	根系除根尖外各组织; 托叶着生部位	NR
AtGLR2.1 At5g27100		4周后	根	根系所有组织; 花药和胚珠检测到微弱且转瞬即逝的GUS信号	NR
AtGLR2.2 At2g24720		4周后	根	NR	NR
AtGLR2.3 At2g24710		4周后	根	NR	NR
AtGLR2.4 At4g31710		4周后	根、角果	NR	NR
AtGLR2.5 At5g11210		4周后	根、茎、叶、花、角果	NR	NR
AtGLR2.6 At5g11180		4周后	根	NR	NR
AtGLR2.7 At2g29120		4周后	叶、角果, 根中微弱	NR	NR
AtGLR2.8 At2g29110		4周后	根、叶柄、叶、角果	NR	NR	Chiu et al., 2002 Roy et al., 2008
AtGLR2.9 At2g29100		4周	根、叶、茎、叶柄	NR	NR
AtGLR2.9 At2g29100		8周	根	NR	NR
AtGLR3.1 At2g17260	III	5天后	根、茎、叶、叶柄	所有维管组织; 保卫细胞	NR	Cho et al., 2009 Kim et al., 2001; Kong et al., 2015; Meyerhoff et al., 2005 Turano et al., 2002 Teardo et al., 2011 Teardo et al., 2015
AtGLR3.1 At2g17260		8周	根、茎、叶、花、角果	花丝和花药连接部位强烈表达	NR
AtGLR3.2 At4g35290		7天后	根、茎、叶柄、叶	所有维管组织及其邻近的导管, 随着植物生长表达更强烈; 根系韧皮部细胞中表达量远高于邻近细胞, 原生韧皮部更为强烈	NR
AtGLR3.2 At4g35290		8周	根、茎、叶、花、角果, 主要是叶与角果	花、茎维管组织; 花芽; 胚珠, 尤其是外皮层和生长中心	NR
AtGLR3.3 At1g42540		4周后	根、茎、叶柄、叶、角果		NR
AtGLR3.4 At1g05200		4周后	根、茎、叶、花、角果, 莲座叶中最强	叶肉组织; 维管束; 保卫细胞, 排水孔; 根内外皮层, 根毛	细胞质膜, 叶绿体内膜
AtGLR3.5 At2g32390		0	种子发芽时强烈, 随发芽完成降低	胚胎与子叶中强烈表达	线粒体内膜; 叶绿体膜
AtGLR3.5 At2g32390		4周后	根、茎、叶、花、角果	NR	线粒体内膜; 叶绿体膜
AtGLR3.7 At2g32400		整个生长阶段	所有器官	所有组织	细胞质膜

基因名称及登录号	家族	苗龄	表达位点			参考文献
基因名称及登录号	家族	苗龄	器官水平	组织水平	亚细胞水平	参考文献
AtGLR1.1 At3g04110	I	1周	根、茎、叶	根部皮层, 托叶着生部	NR	Chiu et al., 2002; Roy et al., 2008
		4周	根、茎、叶	全展叶叶沿; 根系除根尖外各组织	NR
		8周	主要是根、叶; 花、角果中很微弱	花、角果中检测不到GUS信号	NR
AtGLR1.2 At5g48400		4周后	根、茎、叶、花、角果; 主要是根与角果	花粉管	NR
AtGLR1.3 At5g48410		4周	根、茎、叶, 叶中很微弱	NR	NR
AtGLR1.3 At5g48410		8周	叶和花中微弱; 主要是根与角果	NR	NR
AtGLR1.4 At3g07520		4周后	根、茎、叶、花、角果	NR	NR
AtGLR2.1 At5g27100	II	1周后	根、茎、叶、叶柄	根系除根尖外各组织; 托叶着生部位	NR
AtGLR2.1 At5g27100		4周后	根	根系所有组织; 花药和胚珠检测到微弱且转瞬即逝的GUS信号	NR
AtGLR2.2 At2g24720		4周后	根	NR	NR
AtGLR2.3 At2g24710		4周后	根	NR	NR
AtGLR2.4 At4g31710		4周后	根、角果	NR	NR
AtGLR2.5 At5g11210		4周后	根、茎、叶、花、角果	NR	NR
AtGLR2.6 At5g11180		4周后	根	NR	NR
AtGLR2.7 At2g29120		4周后	叶、角果, 根中微弱	NR	NR
AtGLR2.8 At2g29110		4周后	根、叶柄、叶、角果	NR	NR	Chiu et al., 2002 Roy et al., 2008
AtGLR2.9 At2g29100		4周	根、叶、茎、叶柄	NR	NR
AtGLR2.9 At2g29100		8周	根	NR	NR
AtGLR3.1 At2g17260	III	5天后	根、茎、叶、叶柄	所有维管组织; 保卫细胞	NR	Cho et al., 2009 Kim et al., 2001; Kong et al., 2015; Meyerhoff et al., 2005 Turano et al., 2002 Teardo et al., 2011 Teardo et al., 2015
AtGLR3.1 At2g17260		8周	根、茎、叶、花、角果	花丝和花药连接部位强烈表达	NR
AtGLR3.2 At4g35290		7天后	根、茎、叶柄、叶	所有维管组织及其邻近的导管, 随着植物生长表达更强烈; 根系韧皮部细胞中表达量远高于邻近细胞, 原生韧皮部更为强烈	NR
AtGLR3.2 At4g35290		8周	根、茎、叶、花、角果, 主要是叶与角果	花、茎维管组织; 花芽; 胚珠, 尤其是外皮层和生长中心	NR
AtGLR3.3 At1g42540		4周后	根、茎、叶柄、叶、角果		NR
AtGLR3.4 At1g05200		4周后	根、茎、叶、花、角果, 莲座叶中最强	叶肉组织; 维管束; 保卫细胞, 排水孔; 根内外皮层, 根毛	细胞质膜, 叶绿体内膜
AtGLR3.5 At2g32390		0	种子发芽时强烈, 随发芽完成降低	胚胎与子叶中强烈表达	线粒体内膜; 叶绿体膜
AtGLR3.5 At2g32390		4周后	根、茎、叶、花、角果	NR	线粒体内膜; 叶绿体膜
AtGLR3.7 At2g32400		整个生长阶段	所有器官	所有组织	细胞质膜