补充蓝光对设施栽培油桃光合性能及糖酸积累的影响

doi:10.11983/CBB17136

植物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 227-237.DOI: 10.11983/CBB17136

补充蓝光对设施栽培油桃光合性能及糖酸积累的影响

赵雪惠¹, 肖伟^1,², 郭建敏¹, 高东升^1,², 付喜玲^1,^2,^*(), 李冬梅^1,^2,^3,^*()

¹山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院, 泰安 271018
²山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室, 泰安 271018 ³山东农业大学农学院/作物学博士后流动站, 泰安 271018

收稿日期:2017-06-14 接受日期:2017-10-19 出版日期:2018-03-01 发布日期:2018-08-10
通讯作者: 付喜玲,李冬梅
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(No.31601706)、山东省自然科学基金(No.ZR2016CM09)和山东省现代农业产业技术体系水果产业创新团队——栽培与设施装备(No.SDAIT-03-022-05)

Effect of Blue Light on Photosynthetic Performance and Accumulation of Sugar and Organic Acids in Greenhouse Nectarine

Zhao Xuehui¹, Xiao Wei^1,², Guo Jianmin¹, Gao Dongsheng^1,², Fu Xiling^1,^2,^*(), Li Dongmei^1,^2,^3,^*()

¹College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China;
²State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China;
³College of Agronomy/Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Crop Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China;

Received:2017-06-14 Accepted:2017-10-19 Online:2018-03-01 Published:2018-08-10
Contact: Fu Xiling,Li Dongmei

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以设施曙光油桃(Prunus persica cv. ‘Shuguang’)为试材, 设置补充蓝光处理, 测定了生育期内5个关键时期叶片的光合性能相关参数及果实的糖酸组分, 并观察了叶片气孔的变化情况。结果表明: 补充蓝光后油桃叶片的净光合速率提高, 叶绿素a和b含量增加, 叶绿素a/b显著降低, 叶面积增大; 气孔开放提前并较早达到最大开度, 且关闭延迟。叶片中检测到的主要同化物为果糖、葡萄糖和山梨醇, 以山梨醇为主; 果实中则为果糖、葡萄糖、山梨醇和蔗糖, 成熟期以蔗糖为主。补充蓝光处理的叶片中3种同化物积累较少, 而果实中总糖和蔗糖含量较高, 表明蓝光处理提高了光合同化物从叶片到果实的转运转化能力。草酸是叶片和果实中主要的有机酸, 补充蓝光处理的果实中有机酸含量显著降低, 糖酸与对照相比提高了30.5%。硬核期后是蓝光处理提高果实糖酸比的关键时期, 此时补充蓝光可改善设施油桃光合性能及果实品质, 这一技术措施有望应用到设施果树的栽培中。

关键词: 蓝光, 设施油桃, 有机酸, 光合同化物, 光合性能

Abstract: With the nectarine variety Shuguang as test material and blue light set artificially, the photosynthetic performance and the accumulation of sugar and acid in leaves and fruits were examined, and diurnal changes of the stomata in five key growth periods were observed. Blue light increased the net photosynthetic rate and the contents of chlorophyll a and b. The ratio of chlorophyll a/b was decreased and the leaf area increased. The opening time of the stomata was advanced, and maximum opening was earlier and closing time hysteretic. Fructose, glucose and sorbitol were the main assimilates in leaves, with the highest content being sorbitol. Fructose, glucose, sorbitol and sucrose were the main assimilates in fruit, and sucrose was the main soluble sugar at fruit maturity. As compared with the control, blue light conferred lower content of the three assimilates in leaves, whereas the content of total sugar and sucrose in fruit was higher, which suggests that blue light enhanced the ability to transfer photosynthetic products from leaves to fruit. Oxalic acid was the main organic acid in both leaves and fruits. The content of organic acid under blue light in leaves was decreased, and the sugar to acid ratio was significantly increased, by 30.5%. The key period of peaches improving the sugar to acid ratio under blue light was the late hard nucleus period. Supplementing blue light could be a technical measure to improve photosynthetic performance and fruit quality and could be further applied in the cultivation of greenhouse fruit trees.

Key words: blue light, greenhouse nectarine, organic acid, photo-assimilate, photosynthetic performance

赵雪惠, 肖伟, 郭建敏, 高东升, 付喜玲, 李冬梅. 补充蓝光对设施栽培油桃光合性能及糖酸积累的影响. 植物学报, 2018, 53(2): 227-237.

Zhao Xuehui, Xiao Wei, Guo Jianmin, Gao Dongsheng, Fu Xiling, Li Dongmei. Effect of Blue Light on Photosynthetic Performance and Accumulation of Sugar and Organic Acids in Greenhouse Nectarine. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2018, 53(2): 227-237.

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https://www.chinbullbotany.com/CN/Y2018/V53/I2/227

图/表 6

图1 补充蓝光对果实发育时期油桃叶片光合参数的影响(A) 气孔导度(Gs); (B) 净光合速率(Pn); (C) 胞间CO2浓度(Ci)。图中不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。

Figure 1 Effects of supplementary blue light on photosynthetic parameters in leaves during peach fruit development(A) Stomatal conductance (Gs); (B) Net photosynthetic rate (Pn); (C) Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at 0.05 level among treatments.

表1 补充蓝光对油桃叶片色素含量和叶面积的影响

Table 1 Effects of supplementary blue light on pigment content and leaf area

Treatment	Chlorophyll a (mg·g^-1FW)	Chlorophyll b (mg·g^-1 FW)	Chlorophyll (a+b) (mg·g^-1 FW)	Chlorophyll a/b	Carotenoids (mg·g^-1 FW)	Leaf area (cm²)
Blue light	2.630*	0.868*	3.498*	3.030	0.491	75.100*
CK	2.305	0.706	3.011	3.265*	0.522	46.458

图2 油桃叶片气孔开放率(A)和气孔开放面积(B)的日变化统计分析图中不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。

Figure 2 The statistical analysis of diurnal variation of stomatal opening rate (A) and stomatal opening area (B) of peach leavesDifferent lowercase letters indicate significant differences at 0.05 level among treatments.

图3 一天中部分关键时刻油桃叶片的气孔形态观察(A), (C)和(E) 对照组油桃叶片分别在8:00、14:00和18:00的气孔形态; (B), (D)和(F) 补充蓝光条件下油桃叶片分别在8:00、14:00和18:00的气孔形态。

Figure 3 Observation of stomatal morphology of peach leaves at some critical moments in a day(A), (C) and (E) The stomatal morphology in the control of peach leaves at 8:00, 14:00 and 18:00, respectively; (B), (D) and (F) The stomatal morphology in the supplemental blue light of peach leaves at 8:00, 14:00 and 18:00, respectively.

图4 补充蓝光对果实发育时期油桃叶片和果实光合同化物积累的影响(A) 叶片果糖含量; (B) 叶片葡萄糖含量; (C) 叶片山梨醇含量; (D) 叶片总糖含量; (E) 果实果糖含量; (F) 果实葡萄糖含量; (G) 果实山梨醇含量; (H) 果实蔗糖含量; (I) 果实总糖含量。图中不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。

Figure 4 Effects of supplementary blue light on photo-assi- milate in leaves and fruit during peach fruit development(A) The contents of fructose in leaves; (B) The contents of glucose in leaves; (C) The contents of sorbitol in leaves; (D) The contents of total sugar in leaves; (E) The contents of fructose in fruit; (F) The contents of glucose in fruit; (G) The contents of sorbitol in fruit; (H) The contents of sucrose in fruit; (I) The contents of total sugar in fruit. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at 0.05 level among treatments.

图5 补充蓝光对果实发育时期油桃叶片和果实有机酸积累及果实糖酸比的影响(A) 叶片草酸含量; (B) 叶片琥珀酸含量; (C) 叶片柠檬酸含量; (D) 叶片总酸含量; (E) 果实草酸含量; (F) 果实琥珀酸含量; (G) 果实柠檬酸含量; (H) 果实酒石酸含量; (I) 果实总酸含量; (J) 果实糖酸比。图中不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。

Figure 5 Effects of supplementary blue light on organic acid in leaves and fruit and the sugar and acid ratio of fruit during peach fruit development(A) The contents of oxalic acid in leaves; (B) The contents of succinic acid in leaves; (C) The contents of citric acid in leaves; (D) The contents of total acid in leaves; (E) The contents of oxalic acid in fruit; (F) The contents of succinic acid in fruit; (G) The contents of citric acid in fruit; (H) The contents of tartaric acid in fruit; (I) The contents of total acid in fruit; (J) Sugar and acid ratio of fruit. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at 0.05 level among treatments.

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补充蓝光对设施栽培油桃光合性能及糖酸积累的影响

Effect of Blue Light on Photosynthetic Performance and Accumulation of Sugar and Organic Acids in Greenhouse Nectarine

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