Hairy roots were induced by infecting leaf explants of Scrophularia buergeriana with Agrobacterium rhizo- genes strains A4 and R1601. Hairy roots could grow rapidly and autonomously in liquid or solid plant-growth regulator-free MS medium. The transformation was confirmed by PCR amplification of the rolB gene of the Ri plasmid from S. buergeriana hairy roots. Hairy roots could form green callus in MS medium with 0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA and 0.1 mg·L^-1 NAA, then regenerated plantlets were induced from the callus. A whole transgenic plantlet was obtained. Adventitious buds could be directly induced from hairy roots in MS medium with 0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA and 0.02 mg·L^-1 NAA after about 15-20 d, with the induction rate of buds up to 85%.