With the development of the nuclear industry, heavy metal uranium (U) emissions and diffusion have led to U contamination of surface soils, which have had a great impact on society and the environment. How to remedy U-contaminated soils is a difficult problem. Phytoremediation is welcomed for cleanup because of its low cost, safety and environmental friendliness. Searching for accumulators for U is the key to this technology. We designed simulation experiments for soil contaminated with 100 mg·kg^–1 U for first and second phytoremediation. The effects of phytoremediation were evaluated in terms of U concentration in shoots and roots of plants, U export, bioaccumulation factors (BFS) and translocation factors (TFS). The first phytoremediation indicated that BFS ([U]_plants/[U]_soils) and TFS ([U]_shoots/[U]_roots) of Lactuca dolichophylla are more than 3, and U concentration in shoots reached 1.67×103 mg·kg^–1. The second phytoremediation showed that the U concentration of Chlorophytum comosum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Artemisia lavandulaefolia but not Ophiopogon japonicus decreased by 4- to 8-fold. Amendments with seaweed fertilizer and citric acid could help remediate U-contaminated soil. The available U for the second phytoremediation on soil was decreased, which made the second phytoremediation more difficult.