Root hair is a crucial component of plant root system and a key structure for nutrient absorption and environmental adaptation. The development of root hair is regulated by multiple genetic factors, plant hormones, and environmental factors. Rice is one of the main food crops for the world. The development of rice root hair affects the absorption of water and nutrients, ultimately influencing rice yield. Recently, there has been a certain breakthrough in the research on rice root hair development, but a systematic review has not yet been conducted. This article mainly reviews the research progress on rice root hair development from four aspects: the transcription factor regulation pathway, the cell wall biogenesis-related gene regulation pathway, the plant hormone regulation pathway, and the environmental factor regulation pathway. The aim is to comprehensively analyze the mechanism of rice root hair development, explore the roles of key signaling pathways and genes in the elongation process of root hair cell, and provide a theoretical basis for optimizing rice root architecture, increasing yield, and enhancing stress resistance.