Seedless grapes represent a key focus for the development of the table grape industry and are highly favored by consumers. With continuously growing market demand, breeding seedless grape varieties has become one of the core areas of global grape viticulture research. This paper systematically reviews the practical significance of seedless grape breeding, the genetic patterns of seedlessness, the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of seed abortion, and the progress achieved through major breeding methods, including traditional hybrid breeding, embryo rescue breeding, polyploid breeding, bud mutation breeding, biotechnology-assisted breeding, It also analyzes current challenges and provides prospects for future development trends, in order to provide references for related research.