Compared to animal cells, the cell wall is a unique structure in plants. Enclosing the plant cell membrane, it not only provides rigid support to protect plant cells but also participates in various biological processes such as intercellular communication and material transport. In recent years, increasing evidence on how the cell wall regulates plant growth and development has garnered widespread attention. Existing studies have demonstrated its involvement in biological processes like meristem regulation and the establishment of organ anisotropy. This review summarizes recent advances in the regulation of plant life course by the cell wall, particularly during plant development, while also discussing unresolved key biological questions and potential future research directions in this field.