Guided by the concept of “Empowering Three Dimensions” (intensity, depth, and breadth), this study addresses the issues in traditional Plant Physiology teaching, such as fragmented knowledge points, weak connection to practice, insufficient student initiative, and rigid integration of ideological and political education. Taking “The application of respiration in agricultural and forestry production” as the core case, it explores the integration path of AI and ideological and political education in the curriculum. By constructing knowledge graphs, designing an AI-driven closed-loop teaching process covering the “Pre-class, in-class, and post-class” stages, and developing case generation tools, the reform has achieved systematic organization of knowledge, personalized teaching, and targeted cultivation of practical abilities. Meanwhile, through AI tools, ideological and political elements—including the wisdom of agricultural civilization and the “Dual carbon” goals—have been transformed into visual and interactive teaching content, establishing a trinity model of “Knowledge impartment, competence development, and value guidance”. Practice shows that AI empowerment has effectively improved students’ participation and knowledge mastery (e.g., the recognition of carbon balance increased to 89%), enhanced their discipline identity and sense of social responsibility. This research provides practical references for the integrated reform of curriculum intellectualization and ideological and political education.