INTRODUCTION: Glycosyltransferases are key enzymes involved in various biological processes in plants. To date, glycosyltransferases have been classified into 138 families, among which the glycosyltransferase family I is the largest. This family primarily uses UDP-glucose as the glycosyl donor and is referred to as the UGT family. In recent years, the role of UGT genes in plant responses to abiotic stresses has gradually been revealed. However, currently, only a few UGT genes have been clearly identified as being involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. RATIONALE: To explore the mechanisms of anthocyanin and its glycosylation-related genes in tea plants under low-temperature stress, this study used Fuding Dabai Tea as the experimental material. Based on the transcriptome sequencing data, two genes, CsUGT73B4 (CSS0039619) and CsUGT85K5 (CSS0047548), which significantly upregulate anthocyanin expression, were identified. We further investigated the changes in these genes under low-temperature stress and explored the relationship between CsUGT73B4 and CsUGT85K5 genes and anthocyanin metabolism under low-temperature stress. Additionally, the functions of these two genes were verified through heterologous overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana and gene silencing experiments. RESULTS: Under low-temperature stress, the expression of CsUGT73B4 and CsUGT85K5 genes was positively correlated with anthocyanin accumulation. In Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing these genes, anthocyanin content and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT) were significantly increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative conductivity were reduced. Silencing of CsUGT85K5 led to feedback inhibition of CsUGT73B4 expression, revealing that these two genes act in concert to regulate the anthocyanin metabolic pathway. CONCLUSION: In summary, the CsUGT73B4 and CsUGT85K5 genes are involved in the response to low-temperature stress, regulate anthocyanin metabolism, and may enhance the cold tolerance of tea plants.